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Les politiques des grandes plateformes sur le discours de haine pendant la COVID-19 Год публикации: 2021 Организация-автор: UNESCO Montevideo Ce document fait état d’une augmentation des messages considérés comme des discours de haine sur Facebook, Twitter et YouTube, depuis l’avènement de la pandémie de COVID-19. Bien qu’inégale, cette augmentation peut être établie à partir des rapports de transparence des différentes plateformes et de la croissance enregistrée dans la modération de ces contenus à partir de mars 2020. Étant donné qu’au cours de la même période, et en conséquence des mesures d’isolement prises dans la plupart des pays du monde, les plateformes ont décidé d’accroître l’utilisation d’outils d’intelligence artificielle dans leurs processus de modération, il n’est pas possible d’être certain que cette croissance est due à une augmentation de la création et de la publication de messages ou à un changement dans les systèmes de détection qui a affecté les résultats d’une année à l’autre. 
Au-delà du COVID-19 : Un plan féministe de durabilité et de justice sociale Год публикации: 2021 Организация-автор: United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN Women) Alors que le monde apprend à vivre avec le COVID-19, à « reconstruire en mieux » et est mobilisé pour sortir de la crise actuelle, le nouveau « Plan féministe » d’ONU Femmes fournit une feuille de route visionnaire mais concrète visant à placer l’égalité des sexes, la justice sociale et la durabilité au centre de la relance. Le « Plan féministe » cartographie les politiques ambitieuses et transformatrices relatives aux moyens de subsistance, aux soins et à l'environnement qui sont nécessaires pour construire un avenir plus équitable et durable. Pour y parvenir, il appelle à des approches politiques spécifiques au contexte, à des stratégies politiques adaptées et à un financement. Le plan identifie les leviers clés qui peuvent créer un changement ainsi que les actrices et acteurs aux niveaux mondial, national et local qui doivent prendre des mesures pour avancer vers cette vision. 
Artificial Intelligence and Gender Equality: Key Findings of UNESCO’s Global Dialogue Год публикации: 2020 Организация-автор: UNESCO The purpose of the UNESCO’s Dialogue on Gender Equality and AI was to identify issues, challenges, and good practices to help: Overcome the built-in gender biases found in AI devices, data sets and algorithms; Improve the global representation of women in technical roles and in boardrooms in the technology sector; and Create robust and gender-inclusive AI principles, guidelines and codes of ethics within the industry. This Summary Report sets forth proposed elements of a Framework on Gender Equality and AI for further consideration, discussion and elaboration amongst various stakeholders. It reflects experts’ inputs to the UNESCO Dialogue on Gender Equality and AI, as well as additional research and analysis. This is not a comprehensive exploration of the complexities of the AI ecosystem in all its manifestations and all its intersections with gender equality. Rather, this is a starting point for conversation and action and has a particular focus on the private sector. It argues for the need to 1. Establish a whole society view and mapping of the broader goals we seek to achieve in terms of gender equality;2. Generate an understanding of AI Ethics Principles and how to position gender equality within them; 3. Reflect on possible approaches for operationalizing AI and Gender Equality Principles; and4. Identify and develop a funded multi-stakeholder action plan and coalition as a critical next step. 
UNESCO Women for Ethical AI: Outlook Study on Artificial Intelligence and Gender Год публикации: 2024 Организация-автор: UNESCO The gender chapter of the UNESCO Recommendation on the Ethics of AI is a concrete commitment by 194 Member States to advance gender equality in the AI ecosystem. To track progress in the implementation of the gender provisions of UNESCO’s Recommendation, and to assess the impacts of AI on gender equality, the UNESCO Women for Ethical AI (W4EAI) Platform has been established. This report advances the workstream through evidence-based insights in three critical areas: women’s participation in AI development and deployment, the inclusion of gender equality concerns in AI governance and the impact of AI on gender equality. It highlights the significant underrepresentation of women in AI, the lack of gender-disaggregated data, and the compounded challenges women face in the field. The report also addresses the neglect of gender dimensions in AI policy, the risks posed by AI systems to women, and the need for responsible and ethical AI governance to promote gender equality. Finally, it outlines actionable recommendations to enhance gender equality through and in AI, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive data collection, targeted interventions, and inclusive policy-making. 
Why Climate Change Matters for Human Security Год публикации: 2022 Автор: Janani Vivekananda Организация-автор: United Nations University | United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) This paper outlines the state of knowledge regarding security risks related to climate change, synthesizing the existing scientific evidence to set out five broad pathways of risk. Climate change itself is rarely a direct cause of conflict. Yet, there is ample evidence that its effects exacerbate important drivers and contextual factors of conflict and fragility, thereby challenging the stability of states and societies. Climate change impacts such as coral bleaching, diversity loss, and erratic rainfall can stress livelihoods and drive displacement, increase resource conflicts, and challenge the security and stability of people and states worldwide. Managing these security risks requires action across the entire impact chain: work to mitigate climate change; reducing its consequences on ecosystems; adapting socioeconomic systems; better management of climate-induced heightened resource competition; and strengthening governance and conflict management institutions. And every dimension of the response must be conflict-sensitive and climate proof. Without the right responses, climate change will mean more fragility, less peace and less security. But this paper sets out illustrative examples of how, with a greater understanding of how climate change interacts with social, political, economic and environmental drivers of conflict and fragility, we will be better placed to make the kind of risk-informed decisions is integral to achieving international peace and security. 
Fostering Women's Leadership Год публикации: 2024 Автор: Mariagrazia Squicciarini | Anna Rita Manca | Garance Sarlat Организация-автор: UNESCO No (leadership) share no gain (for societies and economies)! Leveraging UNESCO’s unique Gender-Based Resilience Framework, this report explores the role of women in leadership positions in both decision-making and high-tech, including in artificial intelligence-related innovations. It further highlights progress towards the G20 Brisbane Target, aimed to accelerate progress on gender equality by reducing the gender gap in labour market participation rates by 25% by 2025. Women remain underrepresented in decision-making, holding only about 26% of seats in national parliaments worldwide on average. In the world of work, female labour participation continues to lag behind men’s, at 47% for women against 72% for men on average. Despite progress by G20 members towards the Brisbane Target, a 2% average gap in absolute terms remained to be filled in 2022. In the high-tech world, women make up only 30% of AI professionals, and even less of leaders. Female inventors in AI account for about 37% of patents filed in 2022-23. 
Orientaciones Técnicas Internacionales sobre Educación en Sexualidad: un enfoque basado en evidencia orientado a escuelas, docentes y educadores de la salud Год публикации: 2009 Организация-автор: UNESCO El presente documento Orientaciones Técnicas Internacionales, basado en un riguroso análisis de la evidencia existente sobre programas de educación en sexualidad, está orientado a profesionales y a personas responsables de la toma de decisiones de los sectores salud y educación. Este documento (Volumen 1) se centra en aquellos elementos que justifican la educación en sexualidad y ofrece sólidas recomendaciones técnicas sobre las características que todo programa efectivo debe tener. El documento acompañante (Volumen 2) cubre los temas y objetivos de aprendizaje que se deben abordar en los diferentes tramos etarios en un programa básico de educación en sexualidad destinado a niños, niñas y jóvenes entre las edades de 5 a 18 y más años e incluye una bibliografía de referencias. El documento Orientaciones Técnicas Internacionales es relevante no sólo para los países más afectados por el VIH y el SIDA, sino también para los que exhiben una epidemia de baja prevalencia y alta concentración. Principes directeurs internationaux sur l'éducation sexuelle: une approche factuelle à l'intention des établissements scolaires, des enseignants et des professionnels de l'éducation à la santé Год публикации: 2009 Организация-автор: UNESCO S’appuyant sur un examen rigoureux et actuel des donnees de programmes d’education sexuelle, ces Principes directeurs internationaux sur l’education sexuelle s’adressent aux decideurs et professionnels des secteurs de l’education et de la sante. Ils sont destines a aider les autorites en charge de ces deux secteurs et autres secteurs connexes a elaborer et mettre en oeuvre des programmes et des materiels d’education sexuelle en milieu scolaire. Le Volume I met l’accent sur le bien-fonde d’une education sexuelle et fournit des conseils techniques avises sur les caracteristiques des programmes efcaces. Il s’accompagne d’un document parallele (Volume II) qui decrit les themes a aborder et les objectifs d’apprentissage a atteindre dans le cadre d’un ‘cours de base minimum’ d’education sexuelle destine aux enfants et aux jeunes ages de 5 a 18 ans et plus, et qui contient une bibliographique de ressources utiles. Ces Principes directeurs internationaux sont d’une grande utilite non seulement pour les pays les plus affectes par le VIH et le SIDA, mais aussi pour les pays qui connaissent une prevalence faible et un contexte d’epidemie concentree. 
Before the Fire is Extinguished: The Commemoration Work at Nazi Memorial Sites as a Project of Political Learning Год публикации: 2003 Автор: Peter Gstettner The original title: Bevor die Glut verlöscht: Die Erinnerungsarbeit an NS-Tatorten als ein Politisches Lernprojekt(In Jahrbuch für Pädagogik 2003)The author reflects upon his experience of reconstructing Nazi history in Germany. All efforts to spread light upon the dark sides of this history end up in the attempt to break the collective silence and to retune the song from “the good old times.” Memorial sites pedagogy and educational policies must decide the relevance of the past for the present, expose local Nazi history, and set the gaze, across the wall of silence, on the future. Tangible memory work and personal experiences of pain are steps towards makingxsubmerged memories, obliterated traces and forgotten places useful again for an education for democracy and tolerance. (Written by publisher) The above abstract is taken from the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance Education Research Project. Please also consult the full list of abstracts in 15 languages and the accompanying publication Research in Teaching and Learning about the Holocaust: A Dialogue Beyond Borders. Ed: IHRA, Monique Eckmann, Doyle Stevick, Jolanta Ambrosewicz-Jacobs, 2017, Metropol Verlag at www.holocaustremembrance.com/resources/publications. 
The Right to Education of Migrants and Refugees Год публикации: 2014 Автор: Vernor Muñoz Villalobos The focus of this report is on those who have crossed national borders, who generally are at risk of marginalization and specifically to discrimination in the provision of education. The research addresses six core issues, the consideration of which follows an analysis of the contextual background. Attention to these issues is viewed as indispensable in meeting the educational challenges and opportunities related to migration. These core, but inevitably interrelated themes are: the legal and normative framework; social and cultural issues; language and curriculum; teachers; accreditation and lifelong learning. The preparation of the report has benefitted greatly from the active and constructive engagement of many relevant actors including Governments, international organizations, academics, non-governmental organizations and concerned individuals. Together they have offered a wealth of different perspectives and which form the basis of a number of recommendations ending the text.