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The State of the World’s Human Rights: April 2024 Год публикации: 2024 Организация-автор: Amnesty International Le Rapport d’Amnesty International décrit la situation des droits humains dans le monde en 2023 dans 155 pays différents. Les équipes de journalistes et d’enquêteurs de l'ONG peignent un portrait plutôt sombre, avec notamment un recul du droit des femmes, les conséquences dramatiques du réchauffement climatique sur les populations les plus vulnérables, le recul du droit de manifester, ou encore la prolifération de la haine en ligne dans le monde. La multiplication des conflits armés et le choc du 7 octobre ont également eu des conséquences dramatiques. Cependant, quelques bonnes nouvelles sont aussi à noter, avec des avancées pour les droits des personnes LGBTI par exemple. Amnesty International Report describes the human rights situation worldwide in 2023 in 155 different countries. TheNGO's teams of journalists and investigators paint a rather gloomy picture, with, in particular, a decline in women's rights, the dramatic consequences of global warming on the most vulnerable populations, a decline in the right to protest, and the proliferation of online hate around the world. The multiplication of armed conflicts and the shock of October 7 have also had dramatic consequences. However, there is some good news too, with advances in LGBTI rights for example. 
School Leadership Roles and Standards: Observations from the International Study of Teacher Leadership Год публикации: 2024 Автор: Charles F. Webber | Dorothy Andrews | C.P. van der Vyver | Clelia Pineda-Báez | Janet M. Okoko | Edith J. Cisneros-Cohernour | José Gabriel Domínguez-Castillo | Mohammed Elmeski | Molly P. Fuller | Joan M. Conway | Cristina Moral-Santaella | Gloria Gratacós | Samira Idelcadi Организация-автор: UNESCO | Global Education Monitoring Report Team This paper was commissioned by the Global Education Monitoring Report as background information to assist in drafting the 2024/5 GEM Report, Leadership in education. This report summarizes the findings of the International Study of Teacher Leadership(ISTL), conducted in 12 countries. The researchers share descriptions of the increasing interest in teacher leadershipas a factor in student learning and school improvement. ISTL researchers focus primarily on classroom-based teachers who—in collaboration with formal school leaders, parents, community members, and colleagues—impact school-wide decision making and pedagogical practices. The report offers insights related to teacher leader behaviours, the complexity of teacher leadership, how teacher leaders learn to lead, and the importance of contextual factors that support and impede teachers who provide informal leadership to schools and the communities they serve. The researchers compare cross-cultural requirements of good leadership and offer contextually situated analyses of leadership visions and goals, the impact of teacher leadership on educational outcomes, necessary preconditions for effective leadership, and policies that develop teacher leadership. The researchers also describe the readiness of school communities to embrace teacher leadership, described variously as parallel leadership, shared leadership, and distributed leadership. The report argues for a shift from considering standards for teacher leadership—too often based on the assumption that leadership is consistent across cultural and organizational settings—to the more flexible and contextualized conceptualization of leadership dimensions such as purpose, self-awareness, intentionality, and culture building. The ISTL researchers also argue that teacher leadership is but one component of an integrated approach to educational governance that addresses the complexities of teaching and learning in relation to rapid socioeconomic change, global migration, political tensions, and the emergence of new technologies. The ISTL also reinforces the ongoing importance of classroom teachers in the achievement of educational objectives. The ISTL team concludes this report with a set of research recommendations. 
[الملخص] التقرير العالمي لرصد التعليم 2024/5: مهارات القيادة في مجال التعليم والقيادة الجيدة من أجل تعزيز التعلّم Год публикации: 2024 Организация-автор: Global Education Monitoring Report Team ويهدف التقرير العالمي لرصد التعليم لعام 5/2024 إلى تقييم التقدم المحرز على صعيد تحقيق أهداف خطة عام 2030. ويُستشَفّ من النتائج التي خلص إليها التقرير أن عدد الأطفال الملتحقين بالمدارس والذين يكملون تعليمهم الثانوي أعلى من أي وقت مضى، ولكن قطاع التعليم لا يزال يشهد ركوداً في العديد من المجالات. وتكتسي مهارات القيادة أهمية حاسمة للتصدي لهذه المشكلة. فلا يمكن للمدرسة أن تحسّن نتائج الطلاب إذا لم يكن على رأسها قائد كفؤ يرشدها إلى الطريق.واستناداً إلى استعراض أجري للتشريعات والسياسات المطبقة في اختيار المدراء، وإعدادهم، وظروف عملهم، في 211 مؤسسة تعليمية، يبحث التقرير في أدوات السياسة العامة الكفيلة باستقطاب القادة الموهوبين والاحتفاظ بهم.ولا تقتصر مهارات القيادة على مدراء المدارس فحسب، بل تشمل أيضاً الأفراد الذين يشغلون مناصب أخرى في مجال التربية والتعليم وخارجه، مثل المديرين المساعدين والمعلّمين والطلاب. وإذا كانت القيادة مشتركة، فتمتد هذه القدرات لتشمل الزعماء السياسيين والمجتمع المدني والمنظمات الدولية والنقابات ووسائل الإعلام، الذين يساعدون على تحديد أهداف التعليم.ويدعو التقرير إلى بذل الجهود الرامية إلى تعزيز قدرات القادة وفقاً لأربعة أبعاد رئيسية خاصة بمهارات القيادة، وذلك للتمكن من تحديد التوقعات والتركيز على التعلم وتعزيز التعاون وتنمية مهارات الأفراد. ولكي تؤتي هذه الأبعاد ثمارها، ينبغي أن يحظى الأشخاص الذين يشغلون مناصب قيادية بالثقة، وأن تُعزَّز قدراتهم، وأن يتم توظيفهم من خلال إجراءات توظيف عادلة، وأن يتم دعمهم في تعزيز مهاراتهم، وتشجيعهم على إرساء ثقافة للتعاون.كما يدعو التقرير إلى تعزيز قدرة المسؤولين عن التعليم على أداء مهامهم بصفتهم قادة لنُظم التعليم. 
[Summary] Global Education Monitoring Report Summary 2024/5: Leadership in Education; Lead for Learning Год публикации: 2024 Организация-автор: Global Education Monitoring Report Team The 2024/5 Global Education Monitoring Report assesses progress towards the 2030 targets and shows that, while more children are in school and completing secondary education than ever before, there is stagnation in many areas. Leadership is central to addressing this. There are no schools that improve student outcomes without a good leader showing the way. Building on a review of legislation and policies on the selection, preparation and working conditions of school principals in 211 education systems, the report discusses policy levers to attract and retain talented leaders.Leadership’s potential is not limited to school leaders: it extends to individuals in positions elsewhere in the education system as well as outside of it, from assistant principals, teachers and students, when leadership is shared, to political leaders, civil society, international organizations, unions and the media, who help shape education goals.The report calls for efforts to develop leaders in four key leadership dimensions so that they can set expectations, focus on learning, foster collaboration and develop people. For these dimensions to be realized, people in leadership positions should be trusted and empowered; recruited through fair hiring practices; supported to grow; and encouraged to develop collaborative cultures. The report also calls for investment in education officials’ capacity to serve as system leaders, with a particular emphasis on instructional leadership and quality assurance. 
Resumen del informe de seguimiento de la educación en el mundo, 2024/5: Liderazgo en la educación: liderar por el aprendizaje Год публикации: 2024 Организация-автор: Global Education Monitoring Report Team El Informe de seguimiento de la educación en el mundo 2024-2025 evalúa los avances hacia el logro de las metas de 2030 y muestra que, aunque hay más niños escolarizados y que finalizan la educación secundaria que nunca, en muchos ámbitos hay estancamientos. El liderazgo es fundamental para abordar esta cuestión. Ninguna escuela puede mejorar los resultados de los alumnos sin un buen líder que muestre el camino a seguir. Partiendo de un examen de la legislación y las políticas relativas a la selección, preparación y condiciones laborales de los directores de escuela de 211 sistemas educativos, el informe analiza instrumentos de política para atraer y retener a líderes talentosos.El potencial de liderazgo no se limita a los líderes escolares, sino que abarca también a las personas que ocupan otros puestos en el sistema educativo, así como fuera de él, desde subdirectores, docentes y alumnos, cuando el liderazgo es compartido, hasta líderes políticos, la sociedad civil, organizaciones internacionales, sindicatos y medios de comunicación, que contribuyen a definir los objetivos de la educación.El informe insta a adoptar medidas para que los líderes desarrollen sus capacidades en las cuatro dimensiones fundamentales del liderazgo: establecer expectativas, centrarse en el aprendizaje, fomentar la colaboración y favorecer el perfeccionamiento personal. Para llevar a la práctica estas dimensiones, es esencial confiar en quienes ocupan puestos de liderazgo y empoderarlos; reclutarlos mediante prácticas de contratación justas; brindarles apoyo para que se perfeccionen; y motivarlos a fomentar culturas de colaboración. Asimismo, el informe pide que se invierta en fortalecer las capacidades de los funcionarios de educación para que actúen como líderes del sistema, especialmente en el liderazgo pedagógico y la garantía de la calidad. 
[Résumé] Rendre des Comptes en Matière Déducation: Tenir nos Engagements, Résumé du Rapport Mondial de Suivi sur l'éducation, 2017/8 Год публикации: 2017 Организация-автор: UNESCO La deuxième édition du Rapport mondial de suivi sur l’éducation (Rapport GEM) présente les dernières données disponibles sur les progrès accomplis à l’échelle mondiale dans la réalisation des cibles des objectifs de développement durable des Nations Unies relatives à l’éducation.À l’heure où des centaines de millions de personnes sont encore non scolarisées et où beaucoup quittent l’école sans avoir acquis les compétences fondamentales, il est évident que les systèmes éducatifs sont bien loin d’atteindre les objectifs mondiaux. Les populations marginalisées en supportent actuellement la plupart des conséquences, mais sont également celles qui bénéficieront le plus des résultats obtenus, pour peu que les décideurs prêtent suffisamment d’attention à leurs besoins. Face à de tels défis, et compte tenu des restrictions budgétaires et de l’importance accrue accordée à la rentabilité axée sur les résultats, les pays sont à la recherche de solutions. Parmi celles-ci, une plus forte obligation de rendre des comptesarrive souvent en tête de liste.Le présent résumé du Rapport GEM 2017/2018 passe en revue les différentes approches qui existent en matière de reddition de comptes dans l’éducation, depuis les pays qui ne sont pas familiarisés avec le concept et où les violations du droit à l’éducation sont monnaie courante, jusqu’aux pays où l’obligation de rendre des comptes constitue une fin en soi et non plus un moyen de parvenir à une éducation inclusive, équitable et de qualité et un apprentissage tout au long de la vie pour tous.Le rapport souligne que l’éducation est une responsabilité partagée. Si celle-ci incombe en premier lieu aux gouvernements, tous les acteurs – établissements scolaires, enseignants, parents, élèves, organisations internationales, prestataires du secteur privé, société civile et médias – ont un rôle à jouer dans l’amélioration des systèmes éducatifs. Le rapport insiste sur l’importance de la transparence et de la disponibilité des informations, mais appelle à une utilisation prudente desdonnées. Il préconise d’éviter les systèmes de reddition de comptes qui reposent dans une trop large mesure sur une évaluation restrictive des performances et sur des sanctions punitives. Enfin, à l’heure où les outils de reddition de comptes se multiplient, le rapport démontre clairement quels sont ceux qui sont efficaces et ceux qui ne le sont pas. [요약본] 교육의 책무성: 우리의 공약을 어떻게 이행할 것인가; 세계 교육 현황 보고서 2017/8 Год публикации: 2017 Организация-автор: UNESCO 두 번째로 발간되는 세계 교육 현황 보고서는 유엔 지속가능발전목표의 교육 목표를 향한 전 세계적 이행 현황에 대한 최신 증거를 제시합니다.여전히 수억 명의 사람들이 학교에 다니지 못하고, 많은 이들이 학교에서 최소한의 기술을 습득하지 못하고 있습니다. 이것은 현 교육 시스템이 글로벌 목표를 달성하기 위한 올바른 방향으로 나아가지 못하고 있음을 나타냅니다. 현재 소외 계층이 이러한 여파를 가장 크게 받고 있지만, 정책 입안자가 이들의 필요에 충분히 주의를 기울인다면 이들이 가장 큰 혜택을 받을 수도 있습니다. 이러한 과제에 직면해 있고 예산 부족 및 돈에 합당한 결과 지향적 가치의 강조에 어려움을 겪고 있는 국가들은 해결책을 모색하고 있습니다. 대부분의 경우 책무성 증진이 최우선 해결책으로 명시되고 있습니다.2017/8 세계 교육 현황 보고서 요약본은 교육의 책무성에 대한 모든 접근법을 보여 줍니다. 이 보고서는 책무성에 대한 개념이 낯선 국가 및 교육에 대한 권리 침해가 문제시 되지 않는 국가에서부터 책무성이 그 자체로 포괄적이고 공평한 양질의 교육과 평생 학습을 위한 수단이 아닌 목적이 된 국가까지를 포괄합니다.본 보고서는 교육이 공동의 책임이라는 점을 강조합니다. 교육에 대한 기본적인 책임은 정부에 있지만, 학교, 교사, 학부모, 학생, 국제기구, 민간 부문 제공자, 시민사회 및 미디어 등 모든 주체는 교육제도 향상을 위한 역할을 지닙니다. 본 보고서는 투명성과 정보 가용성의 중요성을 강조하지만 자료 사용 방법에 대한 주의를 촉구합니다. 협소하게 정의된 결과와 처벌적 제재에 대한 불균형적 집중은 책무성 시스템을 회피하게 만드는 경우를 만듭니다. 여러 책무성 도구들이 존재하는 시대에 본 보고서는 어떠한 도구가 효과가 있고 그렇지 않은지에 대한 분명한 증거를 제시하고 있습니다. 
Как вы можете учиться, если вы не понимаете? Год публикации: 2016 Организация-автор: UNESCO Key Messages:1. Children should be taught in a language they understand, yet as much as 40% of the global population does not have access to education in a language they speak or understand.2. Speaking a language that is not spoken in the classroom frequently holds back a child’s learning, especially for those living in poverty.3. At least six years of mother tongue instruction is needed to reduce learning gaps for minority language speakers.4. In multi-ethnic societies, imposing a dominant language through a school system has frequently been a source of grievance linked to wider issues of social and cultural inequality.5. Education policies should recognize the importance of mother tongue learning. 6. Linguistic diversity creates challenges within the education system, notably in areas of teacher recruitment, curriculum development and the provision of teaching materials. 听不懂，怎能学会？ Год публикации: 2016 Организация-автор: UNESCO Key Messages:1. Children should be taught in a language they understand, yet as much as 40% of the global population does not have access to education in a language they speak or understand.2. Speaking a language that is not spoken in the classroom frequently holds back a child’s learning, especially for those living in poverty.3. At least six years of mother tongue instruction is needed to reduce learning gaps for minority language speakers.4. In multi-ethnic societies, imposing a dominant language through a school system has frequently been a source of grievance linked to wider issues of social and cultural inequality.5. Education policies should recognize the importance of mother tongue learning. 6. Linguistic diversity creates challenges within the education system, notably in areas of teacher recruitment, curriculum development and the provision of teaching materials. 
[Summary] Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis; Summary for Policymakers Год публикации: 2021 Автор: Valérie Masson-Delmotte | Panmao Zhai | Anna Pirani | Sarah L. Connors | Clotilde Péan | Sophie Berger | Nicolas Caud | Yazhen Chen | Leah Goldfarb | Marcos I. Gomis | Min Huang | Kathy Leitzell | Elisa Lonnoy | James B.R. Matthews | Timothy K. Maycock | Trudy Waterfield | Ozlem Yelekçi | Rucong Yu | Baohua Zhou Организация-автор: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) The Summary for Policymakers (SPM) provides a high-level summary of the understanding of the current state of the climate, including how it is changing and the role of human influence, and the state of knowledge about possible climate futures, climate information relevant to regions and sectors, and limiting human-induced climate change.