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Foundations for Building Forward Better: An Education Reform Path for Lebanon Год публикации: 2021 Организация-автор: World Bank Human capital development is a critical determinant of economic growth, equity, and prosperity, but outcomes in this domain are worryingly low inLebanon, risking the future of generations of children. Lebanese children lag behind their peers in human capital development—measured accordingto the World Bank (2020c) Human Capital Index—suggesting that the future productivity of the labor force and the country’s trajectory for equitablegrowth is at risk (World Bank 2020b). The Human Capital Index indicates that children born in Lebanon today will reach, on average, only 52 percentof their potential productivity when they grow up. This is lower than the average estimates for the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region(57 percent) and upper-middle-income countries (56 percent). Lebanon’s poor performance on the Human Capital Index is largely attributed to theeducation outcomes calculated for the index. If actual years of schooling, which average approximately 10.2 years in Lebanon, are adjusted for actual learning, effective years of schooling are 40 percent less—on average, only 6.3 years of actual learning (World Bank 2020b). The most recent school closures were due to the COVID-19 pandemic, with schools being closed over 75 percent of the school year between January 2020 and February 2021.1 This will likely lead to a further and significant decrease in learning: effectively, students are facing a lost year of learning (Azevedo et al. 2021). 
Education in a Pandemic: The Disparate Impacts of COVID-19 on America’s Students Год публикации: 2021 Организация-автор: USA. Department of Education. Office for Civil Rights (OCR) The U.S. Department of Education’s Office for Civil Rights published, Education in a Pandemic: The Disparate Impacts of COVID-19 on America’s Students, in response to President Biden’s Executive Order on Supporting the Reopening and Continuing Operation of Schools and Early Childhood Education Providers. The report explores how the impacts of COVID-19 are falling disproportionately on students who went into the pandemic with the fewest educational opportunities, many of whom are from marginalized and underserved communities, with early research showing disparities based on race, ethnicity, LGBTQ+ identity, and other factors. 
Advancing Arabic Language Teaching and Learning: A Path to Reducing Learning Poverty in the Middle East and North Africa Год публикации: 2021 Автор: Laura Gregory | Hanada Taha Thomure | Amira Kazem | Anna Boni | Mahmoud Abduh A. Elsayed | Nadia Taibah Организация-автор: World Bank The purpose of the present report is to identify and explore the evidence on factors that are leading to high rates of learning poverty in MENA countries. In addition, the report proposes a path for countries of the region to make the teaching and learning of the Arabic language—which are critical foundations for children in Arabic-speaking countries—more effective. The intended audience of the report is education stakeholders in the MENA region, including officials in ministries of education across the region, those responsible for education decision-making, teachers, academics, education administrators, parents, and nongovernmental organizations, as well as World Bank and partner organization staff tasked with supporting countries in their efforts to raise learning and human capital.The intention of the report is not to provide an Arabic literacy strategy for each country since countries of the region differ and each would need to have their own national dialogue. Instead, the report collates the relevant literature from the region and beyond, as well as local and regional initiatives, and offers guidance to countries to advance the teaching and learning of MSA. As such, the report does not focus on the broader issues of language use within each country. As part of the process of developing the report, a summary of the emerging evidence and recommendations was shared with a small group of teachers from two countries across the region in advance of a focus group discussion to explore local views. Unanimous agreement on the key findings and recommendations were expressed by these teachers. Further discussions on the topics raised in this report are expected to take place during the dissemination of this report and in the months and years to come, leading to greater consensus across stakeholders on the best ways to advance Arabic language teaching and learning.The report is structured in a way that first explores the incidence of learning poverty in the MENA region, followed by international evidence on the science of learning to read, and factors that are influencing Arabic language learning outcomes. The report then looks at some of the national strategies, policies, and initiatives already in place for Arabic language education, and proposes a path for advancing Arabic language teaching and learning, along with suggestions for regional collaboration efforts that could further support MENA countries. 
Back to Basics: Quality in Digital Learning Год публикации: 2021 Автор: Alejandra Acosta | Iris Palmer | Lupita Romo-González Организация-автор: New America | Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation The pandemic was, in some ways, a sneak preview of higher education’s future, one in which technology-mediated and -enabled education is ubiquitous, but with the potential for deep inequities in access to high-quality learning. This report describes some of the ways in which higher education succeeded and fell short during the remarkable 2020–21 year of distance learning. It proposes a trio of federal policy changes to build the ecosystem needed for online learning to ensure it is more equitable for students of color and low-income students, and to improve the quality for everyone (Acosta et al., 2021, p. 6). 
Achieving SDG4 Through a Human Rights Based Approach to Education: World Development Report 2018 Background Paper Год публикации: 2018 Автор: Kate Moriarty Организация-автор: World Bank Quality education is a critical dimension for the achievement of sustainable development. The renewed political commitment set out in sustainable development goal 4 (SDG4) is an opportunity to ensure strong coherence between education policy and the right to education first articulated more than 70 years ago. This paper presents the results of a desk-based study on a human rights-based approach to education (HRBAE) in the context of SDG4. It explores the ways in which such an approach can guide policy, planning, and the delivery of education in observance with agreed international frameworks providing for the right to education. The paper argues that the human rights conventions on the right to education are not passive instruments designed to remain only at the level of discourse but, as legal obligations, require action from the state and should be central in the development of education services, including in the context of large scale displacement and crisis. This paper outlines the legally binding commitments of the right to education. It considers how these can be applied practically through a HRBA-E to address the continuing barriers to access and completion of quality education and learning. 
Loud and Clear: Effective Language of Instruction Policies for Learning Год публикации: 2021 Организация-автор: World Bank This paper describes the new World Bank policy approach on language of instruction(LoI), as part of the operationalization of the literacy policy package in support of the Bank’s new learning target. This new approach aims to support progress on language of instruction(LoI) Policies and interventions, as loi-based challenges are identified and addressed in light of each country’s context. Haut et fort: Politiques efficaces de Langue d’Enseignement Pour l’Apprentissage Год публикации: 2021 Организация-автор: World Bank Ce document décrit la nouvelle approche de la politique de la Banque mondiale en matière de langue d’enseignement, en tant que composante dans l’opérationnalisation du paquet de politique de littératie en appui au nouvel objectif d’apprentissage de la banque. Cette nouvelle approche vise à soutenir les progrès dans le domaine des politiques et des interventions en matière de LE (Langue d'Enseignement), dans la mesure où les défis liés à la PLE(Politique de Langue d'Enseignement) sont identifiés et traités à la lumière du contexte de chaque pays. 
Educate Girls: Improving the Quality and Outcomes of Girls’ Learning Год публикации: 2017 Организация-автор: World Bank In India, women and girls, especially in rural areas, are particularly affected by the country’s illiteracy problem, since they face discrimination based on their sex and need for childbearing. In Rajasthan, the north- western Indian state that borders Pakistan, 9 out of 26 districts have the worst gender gap in India for girls’ education.Established in 2007, Educate Girls is holistically tackling issues at the root cause of gender inequality in India’s education system that has helped to ensure over 90% enrollment and significantly higher attendance for all girls as well as improved school infrastructure, quality of education and learning outcomes for all children.As a result of Educate Girls’ efforts to date, an army of “girls champions” has been created to combat cultural issues and support systemic change. More than 150,000 out-of-school girls have been enrolled in school and the program has benefitted around 3.8 million of beneficiaries. Continuing to address the social and cultural barriers in girls’ education can bring about real transformation, such as improvement in health, income levels, and overall livelihoods in rural populations. 
Toolkit for Designing a Comprehensive Distance Learning Strategy Год публикации: 2021 Автор: Emily Morris | Yvette Tan Организация-автор: United States Agency for International Development (USAID) The purpose of this toolkit is to provide practical guidance (tools, examples, and resources) for designing a comprehensive distance learning strategy that covers an entire education sector or system. 
Guidance for Families on Emotional Self-Regulation and Alternatives to Eliminate Violence in Parenting Год публикации: 2020 Автор: Maite Onochie Организация-автор: United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) | Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) This material seeks to guide families in the role of caregivers. It proposes important recommendations in the first three years of life. It gives alternatives on how to calm young children, how to handle self-care by caregivers, how to handle crying, and promote emotional regulation and containment.