From insult to inclusion: Asia-Pacific report on school bullying, violence and discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity

This review recognises the complexity in terminology globally, and within the region, on sex, sexuality and gender. For simplicity, ‘SOGIE-based bullying, violence and discrimination’ is used to refer to the various anifestations of violence and exclusion based on gender discrimination, gender role expectations and stereotypes, intersex prejudice, and societal expectations for heterosexual relationships. This is sometimes referred to as homophobic or transphobic bullying, violence and discrimination. This report considers violence experienced by children and young people because of actual or perceived sexual orientation and gender identity or expression, or because their bodies differ from typical definitions of male or female. The term ‘LGBTI people/youth’ is used in this report when inclusive of intersex persons, and LGBT when the situation or needs of intersex people/ youth have not been considered. Local terms and those from original studies are also included, and the glossary provides information for readers on concepts and terms in this report.