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Challenging Systematic Prejudices: An Investigation into Bias Against Women and Girls in Large Language Models 出版年份: 2024 作者: Daniel Van Niekerk | Maria Peréz Ortiz | John Shaw-Taylor | Davor Orlic | Ivana Drobnjak | Jackie Kay | Noah Siegel | Katherine Evans | Nyalleng Moorosi | Tina Eliassi-Rad | Leone Maria Tanczer | Wayne Holmes | Marc Peter Deisenroth | Isabel Straw | Maria Fasli | Rachel Adams | Nuria Oliver | Dunja Mladenić | Urvashi Aneja | Madeleine Janicky 机构作者: UNESCO | International Research Centre on Artificial Intelligence (IRCAI) This study explores biases in three significant large language models (LLMs): OpenAI’s GPT-2 and ChatGPT, along with Meta’s Llama 2, highlighting their role in both advanced decision-making systems and as user-facing conversational agents. Across multiple studies, the brief reveals how biases emerge in the text generated by LLMs, through gendered word associations, positive or negative regard for gendered subjects, or diversity in text generated by gender and culture. The research uncovers persistent social biases within these state-of-the-art language models, despite ongoing efforts to mitigate such issues. The findings underscore the critical need for continuous research and policy intervention to address the biases that exacerbate as these technologies are integrated across diverse societal and cultural landscapes. The emphasis on GPT-2 and Llama 2 being open-source foundational models is particularly noteworthy, as their widespread adoption underlines the urgent need for scalable, objective methods to assess and correct biases, ensuring fairness in AI systems globally. 
教育信息化政策和总体规划论纲 出版年份: 2022 作者: Fengchun Miao | Juan Enrique Hinostroza | Molly Lee | Shafika Isaacs | Dominic Orr | Fabio Senne | Ana-Laura Martinez | Ki-Sang Song | Alexander Uvarov | Wayne Holmes | Benjamin Vergel de Dios 机构作者: UNESCO 几十年来，全球各国都在尝试利用信息与通信技术（Information and Communication Technologies，ICTs）促进教育发展。这些由公共 机构推动并涉及商业技术公司的行动计划却产生了诸如数字不平等 进一步加剧以及高质量数字学习机会不均衡等矛盾。新冠疫情危机 加剧了这一趋势：在2020年新冠疫情危机最严峻的时期，全球至少 三分之一的学生无法获得远程教育。本出版物旨在引导政策制定者在采用技术时提供人 权保障；将包容、公平和性别平等视为解决方案的 核心；将技术创新视为共同利益。 基于以上原则， 本出版物采用以人为本的视角， 审视从低带宽技术到人工智能和互联网3.0或“元宇宙”等新兴技术的潜能。本出版物倡导国家政策应保护教师和学生的数字健康， 减少和中和数字碳排放足迹，并避免“技术解决方案主义”。本出版物提出了一个教育信息化政策规划框架以及 迭接式政策规划路线图，以引导对各地教育系统的数字化准备状态 的评估、对学习者和教师的需求分析，进而规划有充足的配套资源 支持的国家教育信息化方案。随后，本出版物还深入剖析了在教育 的不同领域实施教育信息化的国家总体规划的典型范例。