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Citizenship education in Latin America: Priorities of School Curricula 出版年份: 2014 作者: Cristián Cox | Martín Bascopé | Juan Carlos Castillo | Daniel Miranda | Macarena Bonhomme 机构作者: UNESCO International Bureau of Education (IBE) This work focuses on the curricula of six Latin American countries – Colombia, Chile, the Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Mexico and Paraguay – which at the close of the past decade agreed to be part of the project Regional System of Evaluation and Development of Citizenship Competencies (SREDECC). With the support of the Inter-American Development Bank, SREDECC developed the Latin American module of the International Civic and Citizenship Study (ICCS- 2009) undertaken by the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA), in addition to encouraging the participation of the countries in that study (Cox 2010; Schulz, Ainley, Friedman and Lietz 2011). This document comprises four parts. The first section takes stock of the state of democratic belief in the region, drawing upon the most significant opinion studies of the past decade, so as to offer broader meaning bases for curriculum analysis and, more generally, for educational work in the field of citizenship. The second section describes the organizational (or structural) characteristics of the curricula of the six countries and presents a framework of categories for their comparative analysis. The subsequent section describes and analyses the contents of the six curricula examined and how they deal with the values, institutions and citizenship relations in their civic (political) and civil (coexistence) dimensions. On the basis of the most significant findings, the closing section includes some reflections regarding curriculum development with regard to citizenship. Educación Ciudadana en América Latina: Prioridades de los Currículos Escolares 出版年份: 2014 作者: Cristián Cox | Martín Bascopé | Juan Carlos Castillo | Daniel Miranda | Macarena Bonhomme 机构作者: UNESCO International Bureau of Education (IBE) El documento se organiza en cuatro partes. En la primera se da cuenta del estado de la creencia democrática en la región, recurriendo a evidencia de los estudios de opinión más importantes de la última década, de modo de ofrecer contexto y bases de significado amplios al análisis curricular, así como, más en general, al trabajo educativo en el área de ciudadanía. En la segunda sección se describe las características organizativas (o de estructura) de los currículos de los seis países y se presenta un esquema de categorías para el análisis comparado de los mismos. La sección siguiente describe y analiza los contenidos de los seis currículos examinados y su tratamiento de los valores, las instituciones y las relaciones de ciudadanía, en su dimensión cívica (política) y civil (convivencia). A partir de los hallazgos más importantes, la sección de cierre ofrece unas reflexiones orientadas al desarrollo curricular en el área. 
Global Citizenship Concepts in Curriculum Guidelines of 10 Countries: Comparative Analysis 出版年份: 2017 作者: Cristián Cox 机构作者: UNESCO International Bureau of Education (IBE) This paper reports on a study of concepts associated with the new construct of global citizenship education (GCED) in school curricula. We compared the national school curricula of ten countries with markedly different cultures and levels of development across different regions of the world (Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America, and Southeast Asia) on the presence of concepts associated with GCED. The curricula of both primary and secondary education, in the areas of history and social sciences, and civics and moral education, were compared using a set of categories constructed for this study and derived from UNESCO’s definitions of GCED as well as from the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement’s (IEA) international assessment studies of civic and citizenship education. Patterns of presence/absence of GCED and related content were identified. The main finding is that only two of the ten countries’ curricula consistently included global citizenship concepts. At the same time, all ten countries, to the extent that the analysis distinguished, included content related to knowledge, values and attitudes that have the world or humanity as referent. 
Life in the Times of Covid 19: A Guide for Parents of Children with Disabilities 出版年份: 2020 机构作者: UNESCO New Delhi The 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic has affected educational systems worldwide, leading to the widespread closure of schools and universities. The radical changes and ensuing stress brought about by COVID-19 and the lockdown may also result in different sorts of difficulties among these children.Hence, parents and caregivers of such children must know how to manage and guide their children during this pandemic.This guideline explains the different aspects that a parent/ caregiver must take into account while taking care of children with special needs. This guideline also addresses the need to maintain the mental health of the parent/ caregiver of children with special needs. The eleven sections in this guideline explain the duties and responsibilities that parents/ caregiver must follow. 
Audacious Education Purposes: How Governments Transform the Goals of Education Systems 出版年份: 2020 作者: Fernando Reimers This open access book offers a comparative study of eight ambitious national reforms that sought to create opportunities for students to gain the necessary breath of skills to thrive in a rapidly changing world. It examines how national governments transform education systems to provide students opportunities to develop such skills. It analyses comprehensive education reforms in Brazil, Finland, Japan, Mexico, Peru, Poland, Portugal and Russia and yields original and important insights on the process of educational change. The analysis of these 21st century skills reforms shows that reformers followed approaches which are based on the five perspectives: cultural, psychological, professional, institutional and political. Most reforms relied on institutional and political perspectives. They highlight the systemic nature of the process of educational change, and the need for alignment and coherence among the various elements of the system in order. They underscore the importance of addressing the interests of various stakeholders of the education system in obtaining the necessary impetus to initiate and sustain change. In contrast, as the book shows, the use of a cultural and psychological frame proved rarer, missing important opportunities to draw on systematic analysis of emerging demands for schools and on cognitive science to inform the changes in the organization of instruction. Drawing on a rich array of sources and evidence the book provides a careful account of how education reform works in practice. 
A Framework to Guide an Education Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic of 2020 出版年份: 2020 作者: Fernando Reimers | Andreas Schleicher 机构作者: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) This report aims at supporting education decision making to develop and implement effective education responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic. The report explains why the necessary social isolation measures will disrupt school-based education for several months in most countries around the world. Absent an intentional and effective strategy to protect opportunity to learn during this period, this disruption will cause severe learning losses for students.The report proposes that leaders of education systems and organizations develop plans for the continuation of education through alternate modalities, during the period of necessary social isolation. It offers a framework of areas to be covered by such plans. Un cadre pour guider une réponse éducative à la Covid-19 en cas de pandémie de 2020 出版年份: 2020 作者: Fernando Reimers | Andreas Schleicher 机构作者: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Ce rapport vise à appuyer la décision de l'éducation faisant de développer et mettre en œuvre des réponses éducatives efficaces au Covid-19 en cas de pandémie. Le rapport explique pourquoi les mesures d'isolement social nécessaires perturberont l'éducation en milieu scolaire pendant plusieurs mois dans la plupart des pays à travers le monde. En l'absence d'une stratégie délibérée et efficace pour protéger l'occasion d'apprendre au cours de cette période, cette perturbation entraîne des pertes sévères d'apprentissage pour les étudiants.Le rapport propose que les dirigeants des systèmes d'éducation et les organisations à élaborer des plans pour la poursuite de l'éducation des modalités alternatives, au cours de la période d'isolement social nécessaire. Il offre un cadre de zones à couvrir par ces plans. 
Educating Students to Improve the World (SpringerBriefs in Education) 出版年份: 2020 作者: Fernando Reimers This open access book addresses how to help students find purpose in a rapidly changing world. In a probing and visionary analysis of the field of global education Fernando Reimers explains how to lead the transformation of schools and school systems in order to more effectively prepare students to address today’s’ most urgent challenges and to invent a better future. It discusses several global citizenship curricula that have been adopted by schools and school networks, and ties them into an approach to lead school change into the uncharted territory of the future. Given its scope, the book will help teachers, school and district leaders tackle the change management needed in order to introduce global education, and more generally increase the relevancy of education. In addition, the book offers a “bridge” for more productive collaboration and communication between those who lead the process of educational change, and those who study and theorize this important work. 
COVID-19 Crisis and Curriculum: Sustaining Quality Outcomes in the Context of Remote Learning (Issue Note no. 4.2 – April 2020) 出版年份: 2020 机构作者: UNESCO The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the lives of large numbers of learners, teachers and parents around the world, with millions now teaching and learning from home. While this is first and foremost a health crisis, it will likely have significant long-term effects on education, including on curriculum and learning. The situation, however, could become an opportunity to rethink curriculum, teaching-learning-assessment processes and the development of learners’ competencies with a view to strengthening their learning skills and sustaining their motivation.This crisis will likely provide an opportunity for schools to strengthen their ties with families, and for teachers to communicate and cooperate better with parents in the interest of learners. In the same vein, the crisis means teachers and parents may become more involved in decisions regarding curriculum appropriateness. This can support the development of a learner-centred, participative and inclusive learning paradigm that takes into account the interests of learners, as well as their environments and aspirations. Crisis y currículo durante el COVID-19: mantención de los resultados de calidad en el contexto del aprendizaje remoto (Nota temática No. 4.2 – Abril 2020) 出版年份: 2020 机构作者: UNESCO La pandemia del COVID-19 ha cambiado la vida de una gran cantidad de estudiantes, docentes, padres y madres a lo largo del mundo y millones actualmente enseñan y aprenden desde sus hogares. Aunque se trata principalmente de una crisis sanitaria, es probable que tenga importantes secuelas a largo plazo en la educación, incluso en el currículo y el aprendizaje. No obstante, la situación puede transformarse en una oportunidad para reexaminar el currículo, los procesos de evaluación de la enseñanza y del aprendizaje y el desarrollo de las competencias de las y los estudiantes, en vista de fortalecer sus habilidades de aprendizaje y mantener su motivación.Es probable que la crisis ofrezca una oportunidad para que las escuelas fortalezcan sus vínculos con las familias y para que las y los docentes se comuniquen y cooperen mejor con los padres y las madres en beneficio de las y los estudiantes. En la misma línea, la crisis significa que docentes, madres y padres podrían participar más en las decisiones respecto de la idoneidad del currículo. Esto puede servir como apoyo al paradigma de aprendizaje inclusivo, participativo y centrado en la y el estudiante, que considera tanto los intereses de las y los estudiantes como sus entornos y aspiraciones.