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Gender Bias, Citizen Participation, and AI (Policy Research Working Papers; Planet; RRR; 11046) 出版年份: 2025 作者: Jose Antonio Cuesta Leiva | Natalia Gisel Pecorari 机构作者: World Bank This paper investigates the role of gender bias in artificial intelligence–driven analyses of citizen participation, using data from the 2023 Latinobarómetro Survey. The paper proposes that gender bias—whether societal, data driven, or algorithmic—significantly affects civic engagement. Using machine learning, particularly decision trees, the analysis explores how self-reported societal bias (machismo norms) interacts with personal characteristics and circumstances to shape civic participation. The findings show that individuals with reportedly low levels of gender bias, who express political interest, have high levels of education, and align with left-wing views, are more likely to participate. The paper also explores different strategies to mitigate gender bias in both the data and the algorithms, demonstrating that gender bias remains a persistent factor even after applying corrective measures. Notably, lower machismo thresholds are required for participation in more egalitarian societies, with men needing to exhibit especially low machismo levels. Ultimately, the findings emphasize the importance of integrated strategies to tackle gender bias and increase participation, offering a framework for future studies to expand on nonlinear and complex social dynamics. 
2024기후서비스현황: 5년경과보고서 (2019–2024) 出版年份: 2024 机构作者: World Meteorological Organization (WMO) 2018년 유엔기후변화협약 (UNFCCC) 제24차 당사국 총회에서 파리협정 당사국 회의를 주재하는 총회 (COP)는 WMO가 기후서비스를 위한 글로벌 프레임워크 (GFCS)를 통해 기후 서비스 현황을 정기적으로 보고할 것을 촉구했습니다.WMO는 UNFCCC COP의 국가 적응 요구 사항에 대한 추가 정보 요청에 따라 2019년부터 기후 서비스 현황에 대한 연례 보고서를 발간했습니다.2 제공된 정보는 국가, 자금 기관 및 개발 파트너가 기후서비스 격차와 요구사항을 해결하는 데 필요한 단계를 식별하고, 보다 효과적인 투자를 알리고, 적응 및 개발 결과를 개선하는 데 도움이 됩니다. 2024년판 보고서는 기후 서비스의 현재 상태를 설명하는 동시에 지난 5년 동안 이루어진 진전을 조사하고 평가합니다. 이 보고서는 기후 문제에 대한 기후 정책 대응과 기후 서비스 가치 사슬 전반에 걸쳐 국가 기상 및 수문 서비스 (NMHSs)가 이룬 진전을 살펴봅니다. 올해의 에디션에는 13개국이 기후서비스를 성공적으로 사용하여 국가, 지역 또는 글로벌 수준에서 사회 경제적 혜택을 제공한 방법에 대한 심층적인 조사도 포함됩니다. 이 분석은 지난 5년 동안 여러 부문에 걸쳐 개발된 113개의 사례 연구를 기반으로 하며, 주요 지원 요소를 조사하고, 기후 서비스가 창출하는 가치를 보여줍니다. 
Learning at Risk: the Impact of Climate Displacement on the Right to Education; Global Report 出版年份: 2023 机构作者: UNESCO How climate displacement the impacts the right to education The growing impacts of climate change and displacement on education can no longer be ignored. The increasing number of people displaced due to climate change faces unique vulnerabilities, especially in terms of access to education. This challenge is not only attributed to the often limited political and legal recognition of these displaced persons, but also stems from the global community’s lack of awareness of the diverse obstacles they encounter in seeking access to education. This global report, which concludes the “Initiative on the impact of climate change and displacement on the right to education”, aims to provide guidance to policy-makers worldwide on how to better respect, protect and fulfil the right to education of climate-displaced people. It provides an overview of climate-induced barriers to education, and global policy guidance on how to ensure the protection of the right to education of these populations. The report will inform UNESCO’s Initiative on “The evolving right to education within a lifelong learning perspective” which is investigating how the right to education, as enshrined in international normative instruments, could be strengthened to meet modern needs in our rapidly changing societies. 
Youth and Violent Extremism on Social Media: Mapping the Research 出版年份: 2017 作者: Séraphin Alava | Divina Frau-Meigs | Ghayda Hassan 机构作者: UNESCO Does social media lead vulnerable individuals to resort to violence? Many people believe it does. And they respond with online censorship, surveillance and counter-speech. But what do we really know about the Internet as a cause, and what do we know about the impact of these reactions? All over the world, governments and Internet companies are making decisions on the basis of assumptions about the causes and remedies to violent attacks. The challenge is to have analysis and responses firmly grounded. The need is for a policy that is constructed on the basis of facts and evidence, and not founded on hunches or driven by panic and fearmongering. It is in this context that UNESCO has commissioned the study titled Youth and Violent Extremism on Social Media: Mapping the Research. This work provides a global mapping of research (mainly during 2012-16) about the assumed roles played by social media in violent radicalization processes, especially when they affect youth and women. The research responds to the belief that the Internet at large is an active vector for violent radicalization that facilitates the proliferation of violent extremist ideologies. Les jeunes et l’extrémisme violent dans les médias sociaux inventaire des recherches: Inventaire des recherches 出版年份: 2017 作者: Séraphin Alava | Divina Frau-Meigs | Ghayda Hassan 机构作者: UNESCO Les médias sociaux incitent-ils des personnes vulnérables à recourir à la violence? Beaucoup le pensent et cherchent à y remédier par la censure, la surveillance des échanges en ligne et la diffusion de contre-discours. Mais que savons-nous réellement des effets de l’Internet et de l’impact de ces contre-mesures ? Partout dans le monde, les gouvernements et les opérateurs d’Internet prennent des décisions en s’appuyant sur de simples hypothèses en ce qui concerne les causes des actes de violence et les remèdes possibles. La question est de savoir si ces analyses et ces réponses reposent bien sur des bases solides. Il est essentiel que les politiques soient ancrées dans les faits et les données d’observation, et non fondées sur des intuitions ou dictées par la panique ou les efforts pour semer la peur. C’est dans ce contexte que l’UNESCO a commandé la présente étude intitulée Les jeunes et l’extrémisme violent dans les médias sociaux – Inventaire des recherches, qui propose un tour d’horizon mondial des recherches menées (principalement entre 2012 et 2016) sur les rôles que les médias sociaux sont supposés jouer dans les processus de radicalisation violente, en particulier ceux qui touchent les jeunes et les femmes. L’étude examine d’un oeil critique l’idée selon laquelle l’Internet en général serait un vecteur actif de radicalisation violente qui faciliterait la prolifération d’idéologies extrémistes violentes. Молодежь и насильственный экстремизм в социальных медиа: Сопоставление исследований 出版年份: 2017 作者: Séraphin Alava | Divina Frau-Meigs | Ghayda Hassan 机构作者: UNESCO Приводят ли социальные сети уязвимых людей к насилию? Многие люди верят, что это так. И они отвечают на такую возможность введением цензуры, слежкой и контрпропагандой. Но что мы действительно знаем об Интернете как о причине и что мы знаем о влиянии этих реакций? Во всем мире правительства и интернет-компании принимают решения на основе предположений о причинах и средствах защиты от насильственных нападений. Задача состоит в том, чтобы обеспечить надежные обоснования для проводимого анализа и принимаемых ответных мер. Необходима политика, которая строится на основе фактов и доказательств, а не основывается на догадках - или движимая паникой и страхом. Именно в этом контексте ЮНЕСКО заказала исследование под названием «Молодежь и насильственный экстремизм в социальных сетях». В данной работе представлено глобальное сопоставление исследований (проведенных в основном в период 2012-2016 гг.), посвященных изучению предполагаемой роли, которую играют социальные сети в процессах насильственной радикализации, особенно когда они затрагивают молодежь и женщин. 
[Резюме] Подотчетность в образовании: выполнение обязательств. Резюме всемирного доклада по мониторингу образования 出版年份: 2017 机构作者: UNESCO Во второй публикации из серии Всемирного доклада по мониторингу образования (ВДМО) за 2017 год был продолжен анализ прогресса в достижении цели в области устойчивого развития, касающейся образования (ЦУР 4) и выполнения десяти предусмотренных в рамках этой цели задач. Кроме этого, задач, связанных с образованием и включенных в Повестку дня в области устойчивого развития.Наряду с этим в документе рассматриваются аспекты, касающиеся подотчетности в сфере образования, в частности, анализируются возможности повышения всеми вовлеченными сторонами эффективности, действенности и справедливости предоставляемых образовательных услуг. Доклад включает обзор различных механизмов, используемых для обеспечения подотчетности правительств, школ, учителей, родителей, международных организаций и частных структур в интересах всеохватности, справедливости и качества образования.На основе оценки эффективности подходов, существующих в вопросах подотчетности, и анализа внешних факторов, которые могут влиять на эту эффективность, в ВДМО 2017/18 гг. были сформулированы конкретные рекомендации, направленные на укрепление систем образования. 
Guardians of the Pacific: A Teacher’s Guide to Celebrating, Preserving, and Promoting World Heritage 出版年份: 2024 作者: Karena Menzie-Ballantyne | Nanise J. Young Okotai | Adi Meretui Tuvou Ratunabuabua 机构作者: APCEIU Guardians of the Pacific: A Teacher’s Guide to Celebrating, Preserving, and Promoting World Heritage is an APCEIU initiative dedicated to advancing Global Citizenship Education (GCED) worldwide. Anchored in the principles of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and UNESCO World Heritage, the guide places a special emphasis on the rich and diverse heritage of the Pacific region. This Guide reflects GCED’s integrative approach, which encompasses three interconnected dimensions of learning: cognitive, socio-emotional, and behavioral. It encourages critical thinking about heritage and sustainability, fosters empathy by deepening understanding of the Pacific's unique cultural and natural environments, and inspires meaningful actions to protect and preserve local heritage. Tailored for educators working with students in upper primary (grades 4–6) and lower secondary (grades 7–9), the Guide provides step-by-step instructions and practical resources for incorporating Pacific World Heritage into classroom lessons and extracurricular activities. It is a valuable tool for nurturing awareness, appreciation, and stewardship of the Pacific region’s irreplaceable heritage in schools worldwide. <Table of Contents>ForewordHow to Use This GuideSection 1. Learning Framework Rationale Section 2. What Makes a Place Special?Section 3. The 2030 Agenda, Five Pillars and SDGsSection 4. Protecting People: Levuka Historical Port Town (Cultural Site)Section 5. Preserving the Planet: Phoenix Islands Protected Area (Natural Site)Section 6. Ensuring Prosperity: Rock Islands Southern Lagoon (Mixed Site)Section 7. Promoting Peace: Bikini Atoll Nuclear Test Site (Cultural Site)Section 8. Partnerships to Protect the Environment: East Rennell (Natural Site)Section 9. Taking Action to Promote and Protect a Special PlaceReferences WorksheetsPhoto Cards 
Asia-Pacific Education 2030: SDG 4 Midterm Review 出版年份: 2024 机构作者: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) | UNESCO Bangkok This publication marks the conclusion of the collaborative national midterm reviews of SDG 4 achievement in the Asia-Pacific. More importantly, it represents the beginning of the final sprint to the 2030 finish line. It also serves as a comprehensive analytical and policymaking tool for all stakeholders in the region to reflect and be better prepared for the second half of the journey. At the midway point of implementing the Education 2030 Agenda, we are observing both challenges and progress in achieving Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4) in the Asia-Pacific. The region, overall, has made advances in reaching the globally and regionally most important targets under SDG 4, yet it is still far from delivering the common commitment of the Education 2030 Agenda, to ‘ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all’. Eight years into implementation, the Asia-Pacific has shown progress, especially in improving access to lower levels of basic education, as well as expanding early childhood education (ECE). Across most subregions of Asia and the Pacific, over 95% of primary school students complete primary education within the expected timeframe, while more than 80% of children one year before the official primary entry age are enrolled in organized early childhood education. However, participation in education is only one part of the puzzle, and the quality of learning, evidenced by limited data for the Asia-Pacific region on learning outcomes, remains concerning. More than half of students in Eastern and South-Eastern Asia do not reach the minimum proficiency level in mathematics at the end of lower secondary education. Overall and from a regional perspective, with priorities having accelerated in ECE, primary education reaching universal participation, and higher education being consistently regarded as prestigious to accomplish, secondary education is currently the weakest link apart from the chronically undervalued technical vocational education and training path. Fulfilling our commitment to the Education 2030 Agenda and leaving no one behind is not an easy endeavour and we need everyone on board in this unprecedented, yet necessary feat. This publication is meant to facilitate taking stock of the current situation and accelerate focused advances on the most relevant education topics for the Asia-Pacific region. 
Countering Holocaust Denial and Distortion through Education: A Guide for Teachers 出版年份: 2025 机构作者: UNESCO Antisemitic hate speech, disinformation, and conspiracy theories thrive during crises, making it vital for teachers to address these issues in school curricula. Social media has significantly amplified the spread of such harmful content, including Holocaust denial and distortion. These falsehoods, rooted in antisemitic prejudice and conspiratorial thinking, threaten our shared historical memory and promote hatred. To effectively combat these issues, it is essential to have a comprehensive understanding of the Holocaust —how and why the genocide of the Jewish people occurred. This knowledge helps us recognize the causes and risk factors, contributing to the prevention of future atrocity crimes and the fight against antisemitism. In the digital age, it is also imperative to be able to decipher the manipulation of history, and the misrepresentation of the past.The guide provides teachers with the necessary tools and guidance to prevent the spread of Holocaust denial and distortion. It equips teachers with knowledge, teaching principles, and strategies to foster digital literacy, historical understanding, and critical thinking in learners. Aimed primarily at history and social sciences teachers, it outlines key concepts, teaching methods, and approaches to counter Holocaust denial and distortion.