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[Summary] Global Education Monitoring Report 2021/2: Non-state Actors in Education: Who Chooses? Who Loses? 出版年份: 2022 机构作者: UNESCO Non-state actors’ role extends beyond provision of schooling to interventions at various education levels and influence spheres. Alongside its review of progress towards SDG 4, including emerging evidence on the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact, the 2021/2 Global Education Monitoring Report urges governments to see all institutions, students and teachers as part of a single system. Standards, information, incentives and accountability should help governments protect, respect and fulfill the right to education of all, without turning their eyes away from privilege or exploitation. Publicly funded education does not have to be publicly provided but disparity in education processes, student outcomes and teacher working conditions must be addressed. Efficiency and innovation, rather than being commercial secrets, should be diffused and practiced by all. To that end, transparency and integrity in the public education policy process need to be maintained to block vested interests. The report’s rallying call – Who chooses? Who loses? – invites policymakers to question relationships with non-state actors in terms of fundamental choices: between equity and freedom of choice; between encouraging initiative and setting standards; between groups of varying means and needs; between immediate commitments under SDG 4 and those to be progressively realized (e.g. post-secondary education); and between education and other social sectors.
[Resumen] Informe de seguimiento de la educación en el mundo 2021/2: Los actores no estatales en la educación; ¿quién elige? ¿quién pierde? 出版年份: 2022 机构作者: UNESCO El papel de los actores no estatales se extiende más allá de la escolarización a las intervenciones en diferentes niveles educativos y esferas de influencia. Junto con su revisión del progreso hacia el ODS 4, incluida la evidencia emergente sobre el impacto de la pandemia de COVID-19, el Informe de Seguimiento de la Educación en el Mundo 2021/2 insta a los gobiernos a considerar a todas las instituciones, estudiantes y docentes como parte de un solo sistema. Los estándares, la información, los incentivos y la rendición de cuentas deberían ayudar a los gobiernos a proteger, respetar y cumplir el derecho a la educación para todos, sin apartar la vista de los privilegios o la explotación. La educación financiada por el estado no tiene que ser proporcionada por el estado, pero se debe abordar la disparidad en los procesos educativos, los resultados de los estudiantes y las condiciones de trabajo de los maestros. La eficiencia y la innovación, en lugar de ser secretos comerciales, deben ser compartidos y practicados por todos. Con este fin, se debe mantener la transparencia e integridad del proceso de formulación de políticas de educación pública para bloquear los intereses creados. El grito de guerra del informe: ¿Quién elige? ¿Quién pierde? – invita a los responsables de la toma de decisiones políticas a cuestionar las relaciones con los actores no estatales en términos de elecciones fundamentales: entre equidad y libertad de elección; entre fomentar la iniciativa y establecer estándares; entre grupos de diferentes medios y necesidades; entre los compromisos inmediatos bajo el ODS 4 y los que se lograrán gradualmente (por ejemplo, educación postsecundaria); y entre la educación y otros sectores sociales.
[Résumé] Rapport mondial de suivi sur l’éducation, 2021-2022: Les acteurs non étatiques dans l’éducation; Qui décide? qui est perdant? 出版年份: 2022 机构作者: UNESCO Le rôle des acteurs non étatiques s'étend au-delà de la scolarisation à des interventions à différents niveaux d'éducation et sphères d'influence. Parallèlement à son examen des progrès vers l'ODD 4, y compris les preuves émergentes sur l'impact de la pandémie de COVID-19, le Rapport mondial de suivi sur l'éducation 2021/2 exhorte les gouvernements à considérer tous les établissements, étudiants et enseignants comme faisant partie d'un système unique. Les normes, l'information, les incitations et la responsabilité devraient aider les gouvernements à protéger, respecter et réaliser le droit à l'éducation de tous, sans détourner les yeux des privilèges ou de l'exploitation. L'éducation financée par l'État n'a pas à être fournie par l'État, mais la disparité dans les processus éducatifs, les résultats des élèves et les conditions de travail des enseignants doit être abordée. L'efficacité et l'innovation, plutôt que d'être des secrets commerciaux, doivent être diffusées et pratiquées par tous. À cette fin, la transparence et l'intégrité du processus d'élaboration des politiques d'éducation publique doivent être maintenues pour bloquer les intérêts acquis. Le cri de ralliement du rapport – Qui choisit ? Qui perd ? – invite les décideurs politiques à questionner les relations avec les acteurs non étatiques en termes de choix fondamentaux : entre équité et liberté de choix ; entre l'incitation à l'initiative et l'établissement de normes ; entre des groupes aux moyens et aux besoins variés ; entre les engagements immédiats au titre de l'ODD 4 et ceux à concrétiser progressivement (par exemple, l'enseignement postsecondaire) ; et entre l'éducation et les autres secteurs sociaux.
[요약본] 세계 교육 현황 보고서 2021/2: 비국가 행위자의 교육 참여; 누가 선택을 하는가? 누가 손해를 보는가? 出版年份: 2022 机构作者: UNESCO 비국가 행위자는 학교 교육 제공을 넘어 다양한 교육단계 및 영향력 있는 영역에까지 그 역할을 확장하고 있다. 2021/2022 『세계 교육 현황 보고서』는 SDG4의 진행 상황을 검토하고 더불어 코로나19 팬데믹의 영향에 대한 새로운 증거를 포함하고 있다. 본 보고서는 정부가 모든 교육기관, 학생 및 교사를 하나의 시스템으로 인식해야 한다고 촉구하고 있다. 표준, 정보, 인센티브 및 책무성은 정부가 특권이나 착취로부터 눈을 돌리지 않으면서 모든 사람의 교육권을 보호, 존중, 이행하는 데 도움이 되어야 한다. 공적 자금을 지원받은 교육이 반드시 공교육일 필요는 없지만, 교육 과정과 학업 성취도, 교사 근무 여건의 불균형은 해결되어야 한다. 효율성과 혁신은 상업적인 비밀이 되어서는 안 되고, 오히려 모든 사람이 공유하고 실행해야 한다. 이를 달성하기 위해서는 공교육 정책 과정의 투명성과 청렴성을 유지해야 한다.이 보고서가 외치고 있는 구호인 “누가 선택을 하는가? 누가 손해를 보는가?”는 정책 입안자가 선택의 자유와 형평성 사이, 이니셔티브 장려와 표준 설정 사이, 수단과 요구가 다른 인구 집단 사이, 즉각적인 약속과 점진적으로 실현되어야 할 약속 사이, 교육부문과 다른 사회부문 사이에서의 기본적인 선택의 관점에서 비국가 행위자와의 관계에 대해 의문을 제기할 것을 요청한다.
守护每个儿童的希望 出版年份: 2023 作者: 联合国儿童基金会驻华办事处 联合国儿童基金会和中国政府在中国建立了长期合作伙伴关系,在其他伙伴国家也已开始合作,携手促进世界各地儿童权利保护工作。双方不仅在中国通过连续实施九个国别方案开展合作,自2018年以来,双方还通过南南合作,共同援助中低收入国家最弱势的儿童群体。本案例研究汇编详细介绍了通过全球发展和南南合作基金资助的17个项目,联合国儿童基金会和15个非洲国家的政府如何为儿童的生活带来改变,凸显了中国与联合国儿童基金会在儿童事业方面取得的合作成果。我们希望通过分享相关案例促进学习交流,为合作伙伴和其他相关人士提供参考借鉴,从而为每个孩子的生存和赋权点亮新的希望。
人工智能为儿童 出版年份: 2023 在芬兰政府的支持下,联合国儿童基金会于2020年发布了《人工智能为儿童——政策指南》,并于2021年发布2.0版本,鼓励商界在各自领域进行试点,并公开分享研究结果。这是两份描述联合国儿童基金会《人工智能为儿童——政策指南》的应用情况、展现其应用结果的案例研究。研究由中国传媒大学(CUC)在中国网络社会组织联合会(CFIS)的指导下和联合国儿童基金会驻华办事处的支持下开展,由埃莱奥诺·鲍威尔斯(Eleonore Pauwels)执笔,说明了如何将指南中所述的、“以儿童为中心”的原则嵌入人工智能系统相关产品的开发、设计和推广的全过程中。 相关人工智能系统产品由企业生产,并为企业所有。联合国儿童基金会未参与该过程的任一阶段。本项目提及特定公司并不意味着联合国儿童基金会认可该公司的政策和做法。 联合国儿童基金会鼓励开源学习平台的设计、制作和传播。
儿童早期发展 出版年份: 2023 作者: 联合国儿童基金会驻华办事处 从胚胎到三岁这段时期的发展将为儿童一生的健康和学习奠定基础,其重要性不言而喻。在生命的最初几年,大脑发育迅速,每秒钟形成100多万个新的神经元连结。婴儿期内,大脑体积翻倍并不断增长,到三岁时达到成人期的80%左右,到五岁时达到成人的90%,发育几近充分。在儿童生命早期提供优质支持,是一种高效且具有成本效益的措施。儿童早期发展会带来长期收益,不仅能够减少暴力、抑郁和社会阻抑的发生,而且可以改善成年后的健康和学习状况,提高劳动生产力。在中国,近1700万五岁以下儿童无法充分发挥自身潜能,面临早期发展迟缓和残障的风险。弱势群体中的儿童所能获得的照护和卫生保健服务相对有限,获得早期学习、社会福利和保护服务的机会也相对较少,从而可能面临着更大的风险。联合国儿童基金会正携手合作伙伴,致力于加大对儿童早期发展的投入,帮助父母了解儿童早期发展的重要性,并鼓励政府和雇主制定支持儿童早期发展的政策。相关证据显示,当家庭成为支持儿童早期发展的主力时,幼儿获得的益处最多。联合国儿童基金会倡导制定相应政策和项目,增强父母作为主要照护人的能力,促进孩子在0-3岁阶段的健康发展。
Новый закон «Об образовании» и инклюзия: как должно быть 出版年份: 2020 作者: Дильмурад Юсупов 19 мая 2020 года Законодательная палата Олий Мажлиса приняла закон «Об образовании» в новой редакции, в который впервые было внесено понятие инклюзивного образования. Ассоциация инвалидов Узбекистана совместно с экспертами провела анализ документа на его соответствие принципам инклюзивного образования. Анализ документа показал, что несмотря на включение инклюзивного образования как одной из форм получения образования, исключающего дискриминацию детей с инвалидностью, законопроект не соответствует принципам инклюзии.
Guidelines for Implementing SEL in Schools 出版年份: 2022 机构作者: Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Education for Peace and Sustainable Development (MGIEP) Schools that promote SEL help in their students’ academic and global learning. It enables learners to live peacefully with others in heterogeneous societies and build ‘tolerance’ and ethics in behaviour in terms of universal human traits that go beyond social, cultural and gender differences. SEL cultivates children’s wellbeing, and because schools are mirrors or microcosms of our larger and dynamic societies, it is vital that personal and social learning be mainstreamed in schools. The purpose of these guidelines is to share the latest research with policymakers, school leaders, and teachers looking to integrate SEL into school practices and present scientific evidence on creating school environments and recommending practices that are key to building peaceful and sustainable societies.
Nurturing the Social and Emotional Wellbeing of Children and Young People During Crises (UNESCO COVID-19 Education Response: Education Sector issue notes; No.1.2, 2020) 出版年份: 2020 机构作者: UNESCO The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated lockdowns, school closures, physical distancing and loss of familiar environments. The restriction on movement, disruption of routines, curtailment of social interactions and deprivation of traditional learning methods has led to increased pressure, stress and anxiety for young people, their families and communities. Parents and adult care-givers are struggling to meet the challenges of home schooling while juggling work and community obligations, caring for family members and maintaining individual well-being. Teachers are having to rapidly adapt to new and untested teaching methods. Young people are concerned about their education as national examinations are cancelled and are grappling with the insecurity of isolation and uncertainty. In poor households where income is a first priority, children are left on their own to home school or are pulled into other tasks. The stress and anxiety of the pandemic is compounded by the circulation of dynamic information - both accurate and false, often fuelled by sensationalist media reporting. This not only increases insecurity but also acts as fertile ground for the spread of intolerance, racism, xenophobia and hate crimes. To address and counter the social anxiety, emotional upheaval and fearful insecurity unleashed by COVID-19, it is urgent and necessary that families and communities build vital coping skills and emotional resilience. Social and emotional skills are well established, evidence-based practices, that can be adapted to help equip children, young people, parents and teachers with the knowledge, skills, attitudes and behaviours they need to stay healthy and positive, navigate emotions, practice mindful engagement, exhibit pro-social behaviour and cope with daily challenges. 