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History Under Attack: Holocaust Denial and Distortion on Social Media 出版年份: 2022 机构作者: Организация Объединенных Наций по вопросам образования, науки и культуры (UNESCO) | United Nations (UN) Holocaust denial and distortion are dangerous. It is an attack on truth and knowledge. It feeds on and spreads antisemitic tropes and prejudices, and threatens our understanding of one of the most tragic and violent histories: The genocide of six million Jews by Nazi Germany, its allies and collaborators. In countries across Europe, people became complicit in the persecution and murder of their neighbours. Holocaust denial and distortion can prevent society from reckoning with this past. It impedes our comprehension of the causes and warning signs of genocide, and that might strengthen efforts for genocide prevention. It is insulting to the victims and survivors of the Holocaust, and risks the rehabilitation of violent, antisemitic ideologies. At its most extreme, it celebrates and glorifies this history, inciting violence against Jews and calling for another genocide. The United Nations and UNESCO condemn the rise of Holocaust denial and distortion online as a dangerous form of hatred, and commissioned this report in partnership with the World Jewish Congress to raise awareness of the forms and functions of Holocaust denial and distortion on social media, and determine a series of policy and educational responses. This report is a data-driven investigation into the extent and nature of Holocaust denial and distortion on online platforms. It is based on a manual review of almost 4,000 pieces of content collected in June and July 2021 that related to Jews, the Holocaust, antisemitism and Holocaust denial and distortion from five major online platforms and messenger apps. It looks at content posted on Facebook, Instagram, Telegram, TikTok and Twitter: some of the world’s largest online platforms and collectively home to billions of users. It addresses content in four different languages: English, French, Spanish and German, with the aim of providing a wide-ranging review that addresses multiple countries and contexts. This report aims to answer four questions:How much Holocaust-related content on social media either denies the Holocaust or distorts key elements of history?What are the key narratives in contemporary Holocaust denial and distortion?How are Holocaust denial and distortion communicated, and how are they situated within wider discourses and frames?What can online platform companies, policy-makers, educators and organizations promoting Holocaust remembrance, education and research do to tackle the problem? Based on the findings of this report, it provides a series of recommended actions that online platforms, policy-makers, civil society, researchers and educators can implement to prevent and counter Holocaust denial and distortion online. 
School Violence and Bullying of Children With Disabilities in the Eastern and Southern African Region: A Needs Assessment 出版年份: 2022 作者: Thesandree Padayachee | Nithya Srinivasan | Mark Carew | Marcella Deluca | Amyn Lalji 机构作者: Leonard Cheshire (UK) | 联合国教科文组织 (UNESCO) This study looked at the robustness of policy and legal frameworks and the needs of teachers and learners with disabilities in regard to addressing school violence and bullying within the Eastern and Southern African region. The study comprised both a policy analysis and primary qualitative research within five countries in the Eastern and Southern African region (Botswana, Kenya, Lesotho, South Africa and Zambia). 
History Under Attack: Holocaust Denial and Distortion on Social Media 出版年份: 2022 机构作者: 联合国教科文组织 (UNESCO) | United Nations (UN) A new United Nations and UNESCO study together with the support of the World Jewish Congress investigates Holocaust denial and distortion on social media, measuring their extent and nature on Facebook, Instagram, Telegram, Twitter and TikTok, at a time when the memory and fundamental facts of the Holocaust are under threat from lies, smears and the spread of violent ideologies. It provides recommendations that governments, online platforms, educators and researchers can implement to counter denial and distortion, prevent antisemitism and uphold human rights.This report aims to provide a wide-ranging assessment of the extent to which Holocaust-related content on social media and online platforms denies its factual basis or distorts the Holocaust by minimizing or misrepresenting its history. The report seeks to identify content that has evaded content moderation (on platforms that seek to remove content which denies and distorts the Holocaust). Perhaps more importantly, it also aims to provide an understanding of how denial and distortion about the Holocaust are communicated by people on online platforms. 
Violence and Bullying in Educational Settings: The Experience of Children and Young People With Disabilities 出版年份: 2021 机构作者: UNESCO Learners with disabilities are disproportionately affected by school violence and bullying at all ages and in all learning settings. This has significant adverse impacts on their education, health and well-being. This document aims to raise awareness of the problem and encourage action to ensure that children and young people with disabilities have access to a safe learning environment. 
Participatory Diagnosis of Youth Perceptions and Attitudes Towards Hate Speech and Denialism of Gender Violence and Rights of Migrants From the Approaches of Global Citizenship Education 出版年份: 2024 作者: Bárbara Biglia | Aloe Cubero 机构作者: InteRed | Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID) This diagnosis seeks to respond to the need to explore the perceptions and attitudes of youth regarding hate speech, specifically those that deny gender violence and the rights of migrants. We wanted to carry out this process recognizing the agency of young people and therefore we seek to generate collective and mobilizing reflections that increase their commitment as agents of change in our society. To this end, we place ourselves within the framework of Feminist Activist Research (IAF) using photovoice as a research strategy. Diagnóstico participativo a través de photovoice sobre percepciones y actitudes de la juventud en torno a los discursos de odio y negacionistas de la violencia de género y de los derechos de las personas migrantes desde los enfoques de la educación para 出版年份: 2024 作者: Bárbara Biglia | Aloe Cubero 机构作者: InteRed | Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID) Este diagnóstico busca responder a la necesidad de explorar las percepciones y actitudes de la juventud en torno a los discursos de odio, específicamente sobre aquellos negacionistas de las violencias de género y en contra de los derechos de las personas migrantes. Hemos querido hacer este proceso reconociendo la agencia de las personas jóvenes y por ello buscamos generar reflexiones colectivas y movilizadoras que aumenten su compromiso como agentes de cambio en nuestra sociedad. Para tal fin, nos ubicamos en el marco de la Investigación Activista Feminista (IAF) haciendo uso del photovoice como estrategia de investigación. 
Addressing Hate Speech Through Education: A Guide for Policy-Makers 出版年份: 2023 机构作者: UNESCO | UN. Office on Genocide Prevention and the Responsibility to Protect Hate speech is spreading faster and further than ever before as a result of social media user growth and the rise of populism. Both online and offline, hate speech targets people and groups based on who they are. It has the potential to ignite and fuel violence, spawn violent extremist ideologies, including atrocity crimes and genocide. It discriminates and infringes on individual and collective human rights, and undermines social cohesion. Education can play a central role in countering hateful narratives and the emergence of group-targeted violence. Educational responses to hate speech and all forms of hateful communication include:• Training teachers and learners on the values and practices related to being respectful global and digital citizens;• Adopting pedagogical and whole-school approaches to strengthening social and emotional learning;• Revising and reviewing curricula and educational materials to make them culturally responsive and to include content that identifies hate speech and promotes the right to freedom of expression;This policy guide developed by UNESCO and the United Nations’ Office on Genocide Prevention and the Responsibility to Protect explores these educational responses and provides guidance and recommendations to policy-makers on how to strengthen education systems to counter hate speech. 
Combatir el discurso de odio a través de la educación: una guía para los responsables de la formulación de políticas 出版年份: 2024 机构作者: UNESCO | UN. Office on Genocide Prevention and the Responsibility to Protect Como producto de las redes sociales y del aumento del populismo, el discurso de odio se está difundiendo más rápido y con mayor alcance que nunca. Ya sea en línea o no, se dirige a las personas sobre la base de quiénes son y tiene el potencial de incitar a la violencia, así como engendrar ideologías extremistas y violentas, crímenes atroces e incluso el genocidio. Además, discrimina, infringe derechos humanos individuales y colectivos y socava la cohesión social.La educación puede cumplir un papel fundamental en la lucha contra los discursos de odio y el surgimiento de la violencia dirigida a grupos específicos. Las respuestas educativas al discurso de odio y a todas las formas de comunicación relacionadas incluyen:• La capacitación de docentes y estudiantes sobre los valores y las prácticas que necesitan para ser ciudadanos y ciudadanas respetuosos a nivel global y en el ámbito digital;• La adopción de pedagogías y enfoques escolares integrales para el fortalecimiento del aprendizaje social y emocional;• La adopción y revisión del currículo y de los materiales educativos para que sean culturalmente sensibles e incluyan contenido que identifique la presencia del discurso de odio y promueva el derecho a la libertad de expresión.Esta guía para la formulación de políticas, elaborada por la Oficina de las Naciones Unidas para la Prevención del Genocidio y la Responsabilidad de Proteger (OSAPG) y la UNESCO, analiza en detalle estas y otras respuestas educativas con la intención de brindar a las y los formuladores de políticas las orientaciones y recomendaciones sobre cómo fortalecer los sistemas educativos para combatir el discurso de odio. 
Lutter contre les discours de haine par l’éducation 出版年份: 2025 机构作者: UNESCO | United Nations Office on Genocide Prevention and the Responsibility to Protect Lutter contre les discours de haine par l’éducationLes discours de haine se propagent plus vite et plus loin que jamais du fait de l’augmentation du nombre d’utilisateurs des médias sociaux et de la montée du populisme. En ligne comme hors ligne, les discours de haine ciblent des personnes et des groupes sur la base de ce qu’ils sont. Ces discours sont susceptibles d'inciter et d’attiser la violence et d’engendrer des idéologies extrémistes violentes, pouvant mener à des atrocités criminelles et des génocides. Ils sont discriminatoires, portent atteinte aux droits humains individuels et collectifs et menacent la cohésion sociale.L’éducation peut jouer un rôle essentiel dans la lutte contre les discours de haine et l’émergence de violences visant des groupes particuliers. Les réponses éducatives aux discours de haine et à toutes les formes de communication haineuse comprennent :• la formation des enseignants et des apprenants aux valeurs et aux pratiques permettant d’être des citoyens du monde et des citoyens numériques respectueux ;• l'adoption d'approches scolaires globales et pédagogiques pour renforcer l’apprentissage social et émotionnel ;• l'examen et la révision des programmes scolaires et des supports pédagogiques pour les rendre culturellement adaptés et inclure des contenus qui permettent d'identifier les discours de haine et promeuvent le droit à la liberté d’expression.Ce guide stratégique, élaboré par l’UNESCO et le Bureau de la prévention du génocide et de la responsabilité de protéger des Nations Unies, analyse ces réponses éducatives et fournit des conseils et des recommandations aux décideurs politiques sur la manière de renforcer les systèmes éducatifs pour lutter contre les discours de haine. 
Social Media 4 Peace 出版年份: 2021 机构作者: UNESCO | European Union (EU) The overall objective of the UNESCO project 'Social Media 4 Peace' funded by the European Union is to strengthen the resilience of societies to potentially harmful content spread online, in particular hate speech inciting violence while protecting freedom of expression and enhancing the promotion of peace through digital technologies, notably social media. For more information, please visit:https://en.unesco.org/social-media-4-peace