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[요약본] 2023 세계 교육 현황 보고서 요약본: 교육 분야에서의 기술; 누구를 위한 도구인가? سنة النشر: 2023 المؤلف المؤسسي: 유네스코 | 세계교육현황보고서팀 교육 분야에서 기술의 역할은 오랫동안 격렬한 논쟁을 불러일으켜 왔다. 기술은 지식을 민주화할 것인가, 선택된 소수가 정보를 통제함으로써 민주주의를 위협할 것인가? 기술은 무한한 기회를 제공할 것인가, 돌이킬 수 없이 기술에 종속되는 미래로 이끌 것인가? 기술은 공평한 경쟁의 장을 제공할 것인가, 불평등을 악화시킬 것인가? 기술은 아이들을 가르치는 데 사용되어야 할 것인가, 아이들의 발달에 위험 요소가 될 것인가? 이러한 논쟁은 코로나19로 인한 휴교와 생성형 인공지능의 등장으로 더욱 고조되고 있다. 하지만 개발자가 의사결정권자보다 한 발 앞서 있는 경우가 많기 때문에 교육 기술에 대한 연구는 복잡하다. 강력하고 공정한 증거가 부족하다. 사회는 기술을 해결책으로서 선택하기 전에 교육에 대해 올바른 질문을 던지고 있는가? 사회는 기술이 가져다줄 이익을 모색하는 동시에 기술의 위험을 인식하고 있는가 정보통신기술은 소외된 학습자에게 다가가고 더 많은 지식을 매력적이고 저렴한 포맷으로 보급한다는 측면에서 형평성과 포용성을 뒷받침할 잠재력을 갖고 있다. 특정한 상황과 일부 학습 유형에서 기술은 교수 및 학습의 기초 역량을 질적으로 향상시킬 수 있다. 어떤 경우에서든 디지털 역량은 기초 역량 패키지의 일부가 되었다. 또한 디지털 기술은 관리를 지원하고 효율성을 높여 더 많은 양의 교육 데이터를 처리하는 데 도움이 될 수 있다. 동시에 기술은 완전히 해롭지는 않더라도 일부를 배제하거나 일부에게 부적절하거나 부담을 줄 수도 있다. 따라서 정부는 모두를 위한 교육에 공평하게 접근할 수 있도록 적절한 환경을 보장하고, 학습자를 부정적인 영향으로부터 보호하기 위해 기술 사용을 규제하고 교사들을 준비시켜야 한다. 본 보고서는 적절하고 공평하며 측정 가능하고 지속 가능한 증거를 바탕으로 기술을 교육에 도입해야 한다고 권장하고 있다. 다시 말해, 기술 사용은 학습자의 최선의 이익을 고려해야 하며, 교사와의 대면적 상호작용을 보완해야 한다. 기술은 이러한 조건에 따라 사용되는 도구로 인식되어야 한다. [резюме] ВСЕМИРНЫЙ ДОКЛАД ПО МОНИТОРИНГУ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ РЕЗЮМЕ 2023: Технологии в образовании; НА ЧЬИХ УСЛОВИЯХ? سنة النشر: 2023 المؤلف المؤسسي: Организация Объединенных Наций по вопросам образования, науки и культуры (UNESCO) | Global Education Monitoring Report Team Вопрос о роли технологий в образовании уже давно вызывает бурные дискуссии. Способствуют ли они распространению знаний или же ставят под угрозу доступ к ним, позволяя избранному кругу лиц контролировать информацию? Открывают ли они безграничные возможности или же безвозвратно ведут нас к зависимому от технологий будущему? Уравнивают ли они возможности или же усугубляют неравенство? Следует ли использовать их при воспитании детей младшего возраста или же существуют риски для нормального развития детей? Закрытие школ в связи с пандемией COVID-19 и развитие генеративного искусственного интеллекта придали новый импульс обсуждению этих вопросов. Однако учитывая, что разработчики технологий зачастую идут на шаг впереди ответственных за принятие решений лиц, исследования в области образовательных технологий сопряжены с определенными трудностями. Надежных, объективных данных крайне мало. Задается ли общество правильными вопросами об образовании, прежде чем прибегнуть к помощи технологий? Информационно-коммуникационные технологии способны содействовать обеспечению справедливости и инклюзивности с точки зрения охвата находящихся в неблагоприятном положении учащихся и более широкого распространения знаний в удобных и доступных форматах. В определенных условиях и в рамках некоторых видов обучения они могут повышать качество преподавания и изучения базовых навыков. Так или иначе, цифровые компетенции становятся неотъемлемой частью набора базовых навыков. Цифровые технологии также могут способствовать управлению и повышению эффективности, помогая обрабатывать большие объемы данных об образовании. В то же время технологии могут приводить к изоляции, не соответствовать потребностям и быть обременительными, а иногда даже вредными. Правительства должны создавать надлежащие условия для обеспечения справедливого доступа к образованию для всех, регулировать использование технологий, с тем чтобы защитить учащихся от их негативного воздействия, и заниматься подготовкой учителей. В данном докладе рекомендуется внедрять технологии в образование на основании данных, подтверждающих их целесообразность, соответствие принципам справедливости, применимость и устойчивость. Иными словами, они должны использоваться с учетом интересов учащихся и в качестве дополнения к образованию, основанному на человеческом взаимодействии. Их следует рассматривать как инструмент, использование которого должно осуществляться на этих условиях. Во Всемирном докладе по мониторингу образования 2023 года приводится анализ того, что еще предстоит сделать для достижения к 2030 году целей в области образования, в то время, когда мир находится на полпути к установленному сроку. Образование играет не последнюю роль в технологическом прогрессе, однако оно также имеет решающее значение для достижения других целей в области развития. [摘要] 《全球教育监测报告》摘要 2023: 技术运用于教育; 谁来做主？ سنة النشر: 2023 المؤلف المؤسسي: 联合国教科文组织 (UNESCO) | Global Education Monitoring Report Team 技术在教育中的角色长期以来一直引发激烈的争论。它是民主化知识的推动者，还是通过允许少数人控制信息而威胁民主？它提供无限机会，还是导致依赖技术的未来无法回头？它能够实现平等竞争，还是加剧不平等？应该在教授幼儿时使用，还是存在对其发展的风险？这场辩论受到了COVID-19疫情导致的学校关闭以及生成人工智能的出现的影响。 但由于开发者往往领先于决策者一步，教育技术的研究变得复杂。坚实、公正的证据相当稀缺。在将技术视为解决方案之前，社会是否正在就教育问题提出正确的问题？在追求技术的好处时是否意识到其中的风险？ 信息和通信技术有潜力支持平等和包容，以实现与弱势学习者的接触和以引人入胜且经济实惠的方式传播更多知识。在某些情况下，对于某些类型的学习，它可以提高教学质量和学习基本技能。无疑，数字技能已成为基本技能包的一部分。数字技术还可以支持管理并提高效率，帮助处理更大量的教育数据。 然而，技术也可能造成排斥，并且可能是无关紧要且繁重的，甚至是有害的。政府需要确保创造适当的条件，为所有人提供公平的教育机会，对技术使用进行监管，以保护学习者免受其负面影响，并为教师做好准备。 本报告建议，在基于证据表明其适当、公平、可扩展和可持续的情况下引入技术到教育中。换句话说，其使用应符合学习者的最佳利益，并应与教师的面对面互动相辅相成。应将其视为一种工具，以这些条件来使用。 到2023年全球教育监测报告截止期限的中途，评估了实现2030年教育目标仍需走多远。教育是实现其他发展目标的关键，尤其是技术进步的目标。 
UNESCO Strategy for Youth and Adult Literacy and its Action Plan (2020-2025) سنة النشر: 2023 المؤلف المؤسسي: UNESCO I. Introduction1. The international community has set an ambitious 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development1, with education and learning central to its achievement. The vision of the Incheon Declaration2, Education 2030, is fully captured by Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG4) “ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all”. Education 2030 devotes considerable attention to literacy and adult learning including through Target 4.6 and related indicative strategies.2. By 205 EX/Decision 6.III, the Executive Board requested the Director-General to review, update and improve the vision and strategy for literacy to contribute to SDG 4 – Education 2030, and to present it at its 207th session, with a view to transmitting it to the General Conference at its 40th session. The present document therefore contains the draft UNESCO Strategy for Youth and Adult Literacy (2020- 2025). The Strategy was developed through an inclusive and participatory process, including research and analysis of key trends, online consultation of Member States and expert meetings. 
Global report on teachers: addressing teacher shortages; highlights سنة النشر: 2023 المؤلف المؤسسي: UNESCO | International Task Force on Teachers for Education 2030 <Key Messages> 1. Globally, 44 million additional primary and secondary teachers are needed to meet Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4 — the attainment of quality education for all by 2030. Teacher shortages affect both developed and developing countries. Most of these teachers (7 out of 10) are required at the secondary level, and over half of those needed are required to replace existing teachers leaving the workforce.2. The challenge of teacher shortages is complex, influenced by an interplay of factors such as motivation, recruitment, retention, training, working conditions, and social status. Holistic and systemic approaches are needed to address the challenge effectively.3. Teacher shortages have far-reaching consequences, including increased teacher workloads and diminished well-being, discouragement of future educators, perpetuation of educational inequalities, and increased financial burdens on educational systems.4. Teacher attrition is also a global concern: between 2015 and 2022, attrition rates of primary education teachers doubled around the world from 4.6 to 9 per cent. Regardless of the country income level, and even remuneration, teachers are leaving the profession within the first five years of practice.5. Strategies to reverse teacher shortages need to address recruitment, attractiveness, and retention. Attractive career pathways with equitable access to professional development are vital to retain teachers and keep them motivated throughout their professional life.6. Inclusive policies are needed to promote gender equality in the teaching profession, address underrepresentation of women in certain subjects, levels and leadership roles and encourage men to enter and remain in teaching. Teaching workforces should reflect the diversity of the communities they serve, thus enhancing attractiveness and enriching learning experiences.7. Improving teacher working conditions is key to enhancing the supply of quality teachers, this includes involving them in decision-making and providing a collaborative school culture characterized by mutual support. 8. Adequate domestic expenditure on education plays a crucial role in financing education, particularly ensuring that teacher salaries are competitive. Investing in novice teachers can be a cost-effective longterm strategy to address teacher attrition. 
UNESCO in action for gender equality: 2022-2023 سنة النشر: 2023 المؤلف المؤسسي: UNESCO <Short summary>Intersecting Global Crises Cannot Be Solved Without Gender Equality The compounding global crises that have emerged and amplified over the past two years require transformative, structural solutions if we are to build and shape sustainable and peaceful societies. Education has experienced the largest disruption in history as a result of the COVID-19 health crisis. Biodiversity has seen a steep decline – at alarming rates – on both land and in the ocean. Conflicts and emergencies that destabilise progress towards just and peaceful societies have increased in number, while human rights violations are multiplying in new contexts, including online and offline. The decisions we make and the actions we take – now – will have consequences for generations to come.None of these intersecting crises can be solved by one country alone and none of them are gender neutral. Placing gender equality at the heart of multilateral action can harness the talents, ingenuity, and visions of one-half of the world’s population. The standards of ethics and human rights demand gender equality. So, too, do the numbers. Some of humankind’s greatest challenges require efficient and tangible solutions. The paradigm shift is needed now.Yet, despite a growing demand for equity and justice, the UN now predicts it will take almost three centuries to close the gender gap. Under that reality, UNESCO will continue to meet barriers to its mandate and vision since gender inequality has a direct impact on all areas in which UNESCO works.This report shows how UNESCO and its partners have provided concrete and effective solutions during the 2022-2023 biennium to advance gender equality. It has reduced inequalities in and through quality education; it has empowered women in science and technology for environmental action; it has promoted inclusion and combatted gender-based violence; it has bridged the digital gender divide and it has promoted gender equality and women’s empowerment in crisis, emergency and early recovery contexts.UNESCO’s Global Priority Gender Equality is more relevant than ever. Together, we can amplify and expand its reach and multiply gender-transformative results for the benefit of women and girls, men and boys, all around the world. 
Report of the Global Conference on Promoting Literacy for a World in Transition: Building the Foundation for Sustainable and Peaceful Societies سنة النشر: 2024 المؤلف المؤسسي: UNESCO The report presents an overview of the global celebration of International Literacy Day (ILD) 2023 held at UNESCO Headquarters in Paris, France on 8 September 2023. Under the ILD 2023 theme of ‘Promoting literacy for a world in transition: Building the foundation for sustainable and peaceful societies’, the Global Conference explored how literacy and numeracy can be better promoted as part of lifelong learning to achieve more peaceful and sustainable societies as envisioned by the international community through the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The global celebration also included the award ceremony of the 2023 edition of the UNESCO International Literacy Prizes with six outstanding laureates from Bangladesh, Dominican Republic, Finland, Pakistan, South Africa and Uganda. 
UNESCO's Communication and Information Sector: upholding information as a public good, advancing universal access, digital inclusion and freedom of expression سنة النشر: 2023 المؤلف المؤسسي: UNESCO 
Revision Process of the 1974 Recommendation concerning Education for International Understanding, Co-operation and Peace and Education relating to Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms: Comments from Observers to the Plenary Meetings of the International Expert Group (IEG) سنة النشر: 2023 المؤلف المؤسسي: UNESCO Adopted in 1974, the Recommendation concerning education for international understanding, co-operation and peace and education relating to human rights and fundamental freedoms is considered a landmark legal instrument that brings together for the first time peace, international understanding, human rights, fundamental freedoms and education. In line with the Resolution adopted at UNESCO’s General Conference at its 41st Session in November 2021 (41C/Resolution 17), UNESCO launched the revision of the Recommendation and convened an International Expert Group (IEG) to advise the Organization on the changes. The work of the IEG took place between May and June 2022. Though the meetings of the IEG were technical in nature (category VI), in order to ensure an open and transparent process, the Permanent Delegations were invited to listen-in to the deliberations of the IEG online, as observers, along with a select number of non-governmental organizations, intergovernmental organizations, and United Nations entities. At the end of each plenary meeting, observers to the IEG plenary meetings could submit written comments. This document compiles the comments received from observers during this process and submitted to the IEG members for their consideration. 
Transforming Education Together: The Global Education Coalition in Action سنة النشر: 2023 المؤلف المؤسسي: UNESCO The Global Education Coalition, launched by UNESCO, is a platform for col-laboration and exchange to protect the right to education during this unprec-edented disruption and beyond. This is the fourth progress report of the Coalition and builds on the inaugural document released in September 2020 and the first annual report published in March 2021. This document covers activity between November 2021 and March 2023.