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Inclusion and gender equality: brief on inclusion in education Year of publication: 2023 Corporate author: UNESCO <Brief on inclusion in education>Gender equality lies at the heart of inclusive education and efforts to ensure equal opportunities for all. To achieve inclusion and gender equality in and through education, governments must eliminate gender biases from curricula and learning materials, expand teacher training on gender-transformative pedagogy, and foster safe and inclusive learning environments to ensure that no one is left behind. This is key for the achievement of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and in particular Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4 on ensuring the right to inclusive and equitable quality education and lifelong learning and SDG 5 on gender equality.<Introduction>Gender refers to the socially constructed roles and relationships, personality traits, attitudes, behaviours, values, relative power and influence that society ascribes to the two sexes on a differential basis. Gender affects people’s lives every day in myriad ways. Gendered expectations, whether of oneself or of others, impact the choices people make. They structure people’s relationships and have the power to shape what people believe they can and should accomplish. Gendered power structures distribute and influence power, often resulting in systemic inequalities (UNESCO, 2021).Gender also intersects with other characteristics which can exacerbate education exclusion, such as age, geography, poverty, disability, ethnicity, indigeneity, language, religion, and migration or displacement status. Addressing the overlapping differences that create disadvantage and marginalization can help to build more inclusive and equitable education systems.Achieving gender equality in and through education is essential for inclusive education and inclusive societies. It is key to the achievement of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and in particular Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4 on ensuring the right to inclusive and equitable quality education and lifelong learning and SDG 5 on gender equality. In any country’s context, this means ensuring all learners have equal access to all levels of education, equal educational pathways and equal opportunities to apply the outcomes of their education. A world where inclusion and gender equality in and through education is achieved allows girls and boys, women and men and non-binary people to have equal rights and opportunities to education and the power and agency to shape their lives and futures.This brief discusses how gender equality impacts learners’ inclusion and the ways in which gender equality and inclusion are interconnected in education. 
Ensuring the right to equitable and inclusive quality Education: results of the ninth consultation of Member States on the implementation of the UNESCO Convention and Recommendation against Discrimination in Education Year of publication: 2017 Corporate author: UNESCO The Convention and Recommendation against Discrimination in Education reflect UNESCO’s constitutional mission of instituting collaboration among nations to ‘advance the ideal of equality of educational opportunities without regard to race, sex, or any distinctions, economic or social.’ The purpose of these instruments, recently recognized as a cornerstone of the Education 2030 Agenda, is not only the elimination of discrimination in education, but also the adoption of concrete measures aimed at promoting equality of opportunities and treatment in this field. They cover the right to education comprehensively. The purpose of reporting is to illustrate the steps taken to implement the instruments, the progress made and the difficulties encountered by Member States. Eight Member State consultations have been conducted on the measures taken for the implementation of the 1960 Convention and Recommendation since the adoption of these instruments by the General Conference of UNESCO. Each of the consultations led to a global report containing the results of the consultation for submission to the UNESCO Executive Board’s Committee on Conventions and Recommendations and for consideration by the General Conference. 
School for all: experiences of municipal public schools with inclusion of students with disabilities, ASD, GDD and high ability/giftedness Year of publication: 2017 Author: Carla Mauch | Wagner Santana Corporate author: UNESCO Brasilia This publication is the result of a research project entitled Good Practices in Inclusive Education: the experience of Brazilian municipalities with the inclusion of students with disabilities, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Global Developmental Disorder (GDD) and of high ability/giftedness students (Boas Práticas em Educação Inclusiva: a experiência de municípios brasileiros na inclusão de alunos com deficiência, transtornos do espectro autista (TEA), transtorno global do desenvolvimento (TGD) e altas habilidades/superdotação). The study set out to identify and analyse the practices of municipal public-school networks in Brazil concerning the educational inclusion of students with disabilities, ASD and GDD, as well as gifted/talented students. The initiative arose out of a will to subsidise and strengthen processes for the formulation and implementation of policies, programmes and projects aligned with the principles of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (United Nations, 2006; Brazil, 2009) and the National Special Education Policy in the Perspective of Inclusive Education (Política Nacional de Educação Especial na Perspectiva da Educação Inclusiva) (Brasil. MEC/SEESP, 2008c). It is important to point out that those normative frameworks bring principles and presuppositions that have been reaffirmed in more recent documents such as the Incheon Declaration (World Education Forum, UNESCO, 2015) and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) (United Nations, 2015). 
Difficulties of Implementing Inclusive Education in Kazakhstan (Bulletin of Science; Vol.2, No.6) Year of publication: 2023 Author: Аллаярова В.С. | Олексюк З.Я. The article examines the problems of the introduction of inclusive education in Kazakhstan. The authors identify the difficulties that arise in the process of teaching students in general education schools and preschool institutions. Identify the most common problems that hinder the normal construction of inclusive education. 
Mirages and Harsh Reality of Inclusive Education in Kyrgyzstan Year of publication: 2022 Author: Kalys Meymanbekova Corporate author: Central Asian Bureau for Analytical Reporting (CABAR) The purpose of the article is to analyze the current state of accessibility of inclusive education for persons with disabilities in Kyrgyzstan. Inclusive education is understood as an activity to increase diversity and develop a sense of belonging, based on the fact that each person is valuable and has the potential for development. 
SDG-Education 2030 Steering Committee: Making Higher Education More Inclusive, July 2020 Year of publication: 2020 Corporate author: UNESCO The rapid expansion of higher education in the past two decades, as well as the growing diversity of providers and technological models for delivering education, have made higher education accessible to more students globally. Yet significant barriers remain for many vulnerable groups, and women still lag behind in science, technology, engineering and mathematics. A better understanding of inequality as well as new paradigms, strategies and a renewed political will for ‘leaving no one behind’ are required. Structural equity policies at all levels throughout the education system, as well as extraordinary measures when needed, should ensure that students from any background with the potential to succeed are fully integrated with equal opportunities into higher education. This policy paper reviews the current literature and sets out findings and recommendations to increase and strengthen equity and inclusion in higher education in a lifelong learning perspective. It provides a conceptual framework for equity and inclusion, analyses the urgent need to improve funding and its efficiency, provides insight into the challenges for teaching and teachers, and recommends policy measures for establishing higher education systems that are more equitable and more inclusive. 
Challenges Facing Inclusion Programs Hearing Impairment Students from the Perspective of Teachers in Hail City (Literature for Psychological and Educational Studies; vol.6, no.1) Year of publication: 2024 Author: Theeb Turayhib Aljbreen Almutairi | Nouf Ayed Huders Alenezi Corporate author: Dhamar University The study aimed to identify the challenges facing students with hearing impairment in inclusion programs in Hail city from teachers' perspectives, highlighting the differences between the responses of teachers of students with hearing impairment and those of general education regarding such challenges attributed to gender, experience, study major and level variables. The descriptive analytical approach was adopted. The study sample iconsisted of (211) teachers, and a questionnaire was used for data collection. The results showed that there were challenges facing students with hearing imapirment in the inclusion programs from the point of view of teachers. The challenges were ordered as follows: educational challenges facing students with hearing impairment, challenges related to the acceptance of sound hearing students to those with hearing imparment, challenges pertaining to coopertation between general education teachers and those of hearing imapired students, and challenges related to school adminstration. It was also revealed that there were no statistically significant differences in the responses of teachers of hearing imapaired students and general education instructors on the challenges attributed to gender, experience, major and study level variables. 
Promoting the Inclusion of Children and Young People with Disabilities in Education in the Arab Region: An Analysis of Existing Developments, Challenges and Opportunities Year of publication: 2022 Author: Maha Khochen-Bagshaw Corporate author: UNESCO Beirut This report was prepared by the UNESCO Regional Office for Education in the Arab Countries within the framework of the Prince Sultan bin Abdulaziz Al Saud Program to Promote the Arabic Language. The report provides an analysis of inclusive education in Arab countries with the aim of formulating future recommendations, although the report focuses specifically on persons with disability. It acknowledges that other categories of learners suffer from marginalization and are unable to benefit from educational opportunities. It addresses the obstacles and challenges that prevent inclusion, and addresses the progress made and the progress needed to make comprehensive quality education a reality in the Arab region. The report stresses the need for organized and systematic cooperation between teachers, schools and the educational community. It calls on governments to implement immediate measures to assign responsibilities related to learners with disabilities to the Ministry of Education, and urges them to allocate adequate funding to develop effective and implementable plans and mobilize national commitment to inclusive education for all. 
Global Inclusive Schools’ Forum Report: Celebrating Inclusion in Education, 14-15 March 2024 Year of publication: 2024 Corporate author: UNESCO | International Forums of Inclusion Practitioners This report summarizes UNESCO’s Global Inclusive School’s Forum, co-organized with International Forums of Inclusion Practitioners (IFIP) at UNESCO Headquarters in Paris, France on 14-15 March 2024. The forum convened practitioners from different regions around the world to share experiences and highlight promising and innovative practices to be channeled to policy-makers and key stakeholders. The forum further encouraged synergies between practitioners, schools and communities at local, regional and global levels for greater impact. 
Multilingualism and Language Diversity for Inclusion in Education: Brief on Inclusion in Education Year of publication: 2024 Author: Piet Van Avermart Corporate author: UNESCO Language is a fundamental factor for inclusion in education. From a monolingual point of view, acquiring the language of instruction has long been regarded as the key to inclusion. However, multilingualism can be a valuable resource for all: inclusive school policies and multilingual practices recognize and foster linguistic diversity, benefit learning and create cohesion.