Resources
Explore a wide range of valuable resources on GCED to deepen your understanding and enhance your research, advocacy, teaching, and learning.
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Challenging Systematic Prejudices: An Investigation into Bias Against Women and Girls in Large Language Models Year of publication: 2024 Author: Daniel Van Niekerk | Maria Peréz Ortiz | John Shaw-Taylor | Davor Orlic | Ivana Drobnjak | Jackie Kay | Noah Siegel | Katherine Evans | Nyalleng Moorosi | Tina Eliassi-Rad | Leone Maria Tanczer | Wayne Holmes | Marc Peter Deisenroth | Isabel Straw | Maria Fasli | Rachel Adams | Nuria Oliver | Dunja Mladenić | Urvashi Aneja | Madeleine Janicky Corporate author: UNESCO | International Research Centre on Artificial Intelligence (IRCAI) This study explores biases in three significant large language models (LLMs): OpenAI’s GPT-2 and ChatGPT, along with Meta’s Llama 2, highlighting their role in both advanced decision-making systems and as user-facing conversational agents. Across multiple studies, the brief reveals how biases emerge in the text generated by LLMs, through gendered word associations, positive or negative regard for gendered subjects, or diversity in text generated by gender and culture. The research uncovers persistent social biases within these state-of-the-art language models, despite ongoing efforts to mitigate such issues. The findings underscore the critical need for continuous research and policy intervention to address the biases that exacerbate as these technologies are integrated across diverse societal and cultural landscapes. The emphasis on GPT-2 and Llama 2 being open-source foundational models is particularly noteworthy, as their widespread adoption underlines the urgent need for scalable, objective methods to assess and correct biases, ensuring fairness in AI systems globally. 
평화, 인권, 국제이해, 협력, 기본적 자유, 세계시민성, 지속가능발전을 위한 교육 권고: 해설서 Year of publication: 2024 Corporate author: 유네스코 '평화, 인권, 국제이해, 협력, 기본적 자유, 세계시민성, 지속가능발전을 위한 교육 권고'를 소개하고 교육에 관심이 있는 이해관계자들 대상으로 권고의 내용과 활용을 담은 해설서. 
Рекомендация об образовании в духе мира, прав человека и устойчивого развития. Пояснительная записка Year of publication: 2024 Corporate author: UNESCO Данная брошюра знакомит с обновленной Рекомендацией и кратко разъясняет, каким образом сформулированные в ней руководящие принципы могут быть применены на практике и в повседневной жизни различными субъектами деятельности в сфере образования. 
Revision Process of the 1974 Recommendation concerning Education for International Understanding, Co-operation and Peace and Education relating to Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms: Compilation of Member State Comments Year of publication: 2023 Corporate author: UNESCO Adopted in 1974, the Recommendation concerning education for international understanding, co-operation and peace and education relating to human rights and fundamental freedoms is considered a landmark legal instrument that brings together for the first time peace, international understanding, human rights, fundamental freedoms and education. As per Circular letter 4401, the preliminary report and the first draft of the revised 1974 Recommendation were transmitted to Member States for their written comments and observations. These written comments were taken into consideration by the Director-General when preparing the revised second draft of the Recommendation to be discussed at the Intergovernmental Special Committee Meeting (Category II), in view of its submission to the 42nd session of the General Conference in November 2023 and eventual adoption. 
The Impact of Climate Displacement on the Right to Education Year of publication: 2020 Corporate author: UNESCO Ce rapport tente d'expliquer les conséquences du réchauffement climatique sur l'éducation des populations, vouées à se déplacer pour fuir la dégradation de leur environnement, ce qui empêche les enfants de suivre une scolarisation complète et de qualité. This report attempts to explain the consequences of global warming on the education of populations, who are forced to move to escape the degradation of their environment, preventing children from receiving a complete, quality education. Los efectos del desplazamiento climático sobre el derecho a la educación Year of publication: 2020 Corporate author: UNESCO Ce rapport tente d'expliquer les conséquences du réchauffement climatique sur l'éducation des populations, vouées à se déplacer pour fuir la dégradation de leur environnement, ce qui empêche les enfants de suivre une scolarisation complète et de qualité. This report attempts to explain the consequences of global warming on the education of populations, who are forced to move to escape the degradation of their environment, preventing children from receiving a complete, quality education. L’impact du déplacement climatique sur le droit à l’éducation Year of publication: 2020 Corporate author: UNESCO Ce rapport tente d'expliquer les conséquences du réchauffement climatique sur l'éducation des populations, vouées à se déplacer pour fuir la dégradation de leur environnement, ce qui empêche les enfants de suivre une scolarisation complète et de qualité. This report attempts to explain the consequences of global warming on the education of populations, who are forced to move to escape the degradation of their environment, preventing children from receiving a complete, quality education. 
United for SDG 4: The Global Education Coalition in Action Year of publication: 2024 Corporate author: UNESCO The Global Education Coalition, launched by UNESCO, is a platform for collaboration and exchange to protect the right to education and serves as a transformative accelerator towards SDG 4. This progress report of the Coalition builds on documents published in September 2020, March 2021, and March 2023 and covers activity between March 2023 and March 2024. Four years in and moving into its fifth, the Coalition works together to ensure all learners are empowered equally in and through education. 
Global Education Monitoring Report 2023: Technology in Education; A Tool on Whose Terms? Year of publication: 2023 Corporate author: UNESCO | Global Education Monitoring Report Team This report recommends that technology should be introduced into education on the basis of evidence showing that it would be appropriate, equitable, scalable and sustainable. In other words, its use should be in learners’ best interests and should complement face-to-face interaction with teachers. It should be seen as a tool to be used on these terms. Midway to the deadline, the 2023 Global Education Monitoring Report assesses the distance still to go to reach the 2030 education targets. Education is the key to unlocking the achievement of other development objectives, not least the goal of technological progress. 
教育信息化政策和总体规划论纲 Year of publication: 2022 Author: Fengchun Miao | Juan Enrique Hinostroza | Molly Lee | Shafika Isaacs | Dominic Orr | Fabio Senne | Ana-Laura Martinez | Ki-Sang Song | Alexander Uvarov | Wayne Holmes | Benjamin Vergel de Dios Corporate author: UNESCO 几十年来，全球各国都在尝试利用信息与通信技术（Information and Communication Technologies，ICTs）促进教育发展。这些由公共 机构推动并涉及商业技术公司的行动计划却产生了诸如数字不平等 进一步加剧以及高质量数字学习机会不均衡等矛盾。新冠疫情危机 加剧了这一趋势：在2020年新冠疫情危机最严峻的时期，全球至少 三分之一的学生无法获得远程教育。本出版物旨在引导政策制定者在采用技术时提供人 权保障；将包容、公平和性别平等视为解决方案的 核心；将技术创新视为共同利益。 基于以上原则， 本出版物采用以人为本的视角， 审视从低带宽技术到人工智能和互联网3.0或“元宇宙”等新兴技术的潜能。本出版物倡导国家政策应保护教师和学生的数字健康， 减少和中和数字碳排放足迹，并避免“技术解决方案主义”。本出版物提出了一个教育信息化政策规划框架以及 迭接式政策规划路线图，以引导对各地教育系统的数字化准备状态 的评估、对学习者和教师的需求分析，进而规划有充足的配套资源 支持的国家教育信息化方案。随后，本出版物还深入剖析了在教育 的不同领域实施教育信息化的国家总体规划的典型范例。