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School and Culture: An Analysis of Justifications for Educational-Cultural Partnerships Year of publication: 2010 Author: Héloïse Côté Corporate author: Revue des sciences de l’éducation Governments legislate to favour cultural partnerships. What meaning do official texts and actors give to these partnerships ? We analysed the content of Québec official texts and of semi-structured interviews conducted with twelve actors (n = 12) from the perspective of the justifications they presented. The author found that 30,9 % of the official texts and 28,4 % of the actors’ discourse justify cultural partnerships on the basis of the exploration of networks and the elaboration of projects. Nonetheless, since other adequate justifications are also mentioned, cultural partnerships stem from a compromise between several justifications. 
The Psyche of a Good Citizen: On the Psychology of Civic Virtue Year of publication: 2015 Author: Shelley Burtt Corporate author: Les ateliers de l'éthique What are the psychological sources of civic virtue in the republican tradition? This article identifies three: the education of the passions, the manipulation of interests, and the compulsion to duty. The author explores each and concludes that an appreciation of their distinctions suggests possibilities for reviving republican virtue in the modern world. 
The Ecological Catastrophe Facing Democracy Year of publication: 2015 Author: Antoine Chollet | Romain Fell Corporate author: Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM) | Éditions en environnement VertigO In this article we aim to analyze the specific temporal regimes associated with the discourses of environmental – and especially, climatic – catastrophe. By empirically describing and analyzing the images of the future used in catastrophist discourses, we seek to demonstrate that these discourses lead to anti-democratic political positions. Hence, we normatively argue for the replacement of these discourses by another understanding of the future, of temporality, and of time itself, and we theoretically define the lineaments of such an understanding. Finally, our aim is not to challenge the severity of the current ecological crises but rather, by way of reframing these crises in a present setting, and by pointing to their contradictory multiplicity, to contribute to a serious assessment of their nature. Only thus, is it possible to acknowledge the possibility of a democratic politics of socio-ecological relations. 
Constructing Environmental Citizenship through Socio-professional Insertion Programs for Youth with Severe Learning and Adaptation Difficulties Year of publication: 2009 Author: Marc Boutet | Ghislain Samson | Julie Myre Bisaillon Corporate author: Revue des sciences de l’éducation This article is about the importance of environmental citizenship as a factor of socio-professional insertion for students who terminate their schooling without a secondary or professional training diploma, in order to prevent that their school exclusion leads to a social exclusion. Results of a research on a socio-professional insertion program for youth that integrates environmental and sustainable development issues and the Corporate Training and Recuperation Centres Network (CFER) are presented and discussed. Those results tend to demonstrate that the students’ involvement in an environmental cause increases their empowerment towards complex social issues. 
Connections Between Environmental Justice, Popular Ecologism and Eco-citizenship Year of publication: 2006 Author: Nayla Naoufal Corporate author: Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM) | Éditions en environnement VertigO Citizen movements connected to socio-ecological issues are increasing around the world : In the global North and South, people and communities are struggling against mining projects, against mega-projects, for the development of responsible and urban agriculture, against the inequities engendered by climate change, etc. This article examines historic and contemporary citizen movements linked to socio-ecological issues and underscores the evolution in their claims : Initially, environmental justice was exclusively reactive and focused on local cases of disproportional exposure to environmental problems ; today, it is also proactive, increasingly transnational and, in some cases, holistic. I also address the current of popular environmentalism and its links with environmental justice. Then, I probe environmental justice theoretical discourses and identify a framework that is relevant in light of contemporary struggles. Last, I present the concept of ecocitizenship, as well as a typology pertaining to this term, based on an exhaustive review of the scientific literature and on the study of ecocitizenships developed by young community gardeners. It appears that the ecocitizenship that is both critical and participative is of particular interest for environmental justice. 
Education for Sustainable Development or Sustainable Development in Teaching History and Geography: Sociopolitical Issues and School Discipline Year of publication: 2013 Author: Nicole Tutiaux-Guillon Corporate author: Phronesis «Sustainable development» (SD) is in France since 2004 is a transdisciplinary and binding «education to» and is also the theme structuring the fifth degree program since 2008, and is included in other programs. These requirements are unevenly convergent and are encounter to structure of already built diciplines at the same time as the lack of stabilised reference-knowledge. How is the educational dimension (attitudes, values) articulated to disciplinary content ? What about the place given to political issues of SD? Education in SD as constitutive of a discipline isn’t at the expense of educational dimensions explicit or is it modify disciplinary model of history and geography? An empirical search provides tentative answers. The forms of work chosen by the teachers ranged from classical disciplinary practice and testing of trans / multidisciplinary between incitement to questioning and reflection and transmission of factual and impartial knowledge entrecomplexité and simplification. Behavior change is always assumed result of knowledge - sometimes educational activities. The textbooks reflect the same hesitation and are situated between neutralization / disciplinarisation of SD issues and explicitation of discussion and conflicts / implicante posture. The educational dimension and especially the question of political strongly divided the teachers. 
Citizen Participation in Mali: Between Associative Mobilization and Political Engagement Year of publication: 2014 Author: Mathias Kuepie | Arouna Sougane Corporate author: Lien social et Politiques In this study we examine citizen engagement in Mali. We begin by discussing the concept of civil society associated with such engagement. We then draw on two sources of data (the 2006 light integrated household survey [ELIM] and the national election administrative reports) to analyse involvement in political and community life. The results show that even if most Malians have already taken part in political activities, only a small minority has actually ever voted, which is a crucial form of political participation. Another finding that raises questions is that the advantaged social groups are those that participate more in political activities, whereas the less advantaged are more likely to become involved in community life through associations. Lastly, participation in associations seems to encourage political participation, most probably because community involvement can awaken political consciousness, but also no doubt because involvement in associations can help increase one’s political influence. 
The Individualization of Intervention in Community Organizations: Openings or Barriers in Relation to Democracy? Year of publication: 2009 Author: Jean-François René Corporate author: Nouvelles pratiques sociales This paper questions the fact that in some community-based organisations the level of intervention is often the individual rather than the community. This trend interferes with the internal participatory democratic practices within these organisations. To explain this relatively recent situation (beginning of the present decade) in many community-based organisations, various factors are taken into account : the large number of requests received by these groups ; the way we solve problems that people face ; the institutionalization of community intervention ; the pressure on organisations to integrate state services agendas. In this context, what actions are needed to stimulate the internal democratic practices within these groups ? 
The Failure of Living-Together in Rwanda: What is the Responsibility of History Textbooks? Year of publication: 2013 Author: Éric Mutabazi Corporate author: McGill University. Faculty of Education Rwanda, landlocked in the Great Lakes region in Central Africa, has known war and massacres resulting in the 1994 genocide. Many critics and researchers have attempted to explain the reasons behind the inhuman and monstrous massacres that ravaged this country. While political, historical and economical factors are more often invoked to justify these horrible events, this article seeks to draw attention to the responsibility of history textbooks in the failure of living-together in pre-genocide Rwanda. Our analysis of textbook content reveals that certain values transmitted through the teaching of Rwanda’s history has generated injustice, inequality, victimisation, suffering, etc., at school and in society. We attempt to demonstrate how textbook content contributed to the failure of living-together in Rwanda and we propose alternative perspectives to guide the development of content that can contribute to peace, unity and living-together in post-genocide Rwanda. 
Paths Towards Citizen Participation Among Kanak Youth in Koné (New-Caledonia) Year of publication: 2018 Author: Ève Desroches-Maheux Corporate author: Lien social et Politiques Based on an ethnographic fieldwork, this article explores the forms and modalities taken by the civic participation of the Kanak youths living in Province Nord, New Caledonia. Being at the dawn of a referendum on its accession to a full sovereignty, this French territory of a sui generis status is now at a turning point in its history. In preparation for this event, the Nouméa Accord laid the foundations of a New-Caledonian citizenship, situated, for the moment, within the French citizenship. However, this citizenship in construction poses the question of the place given in it to the Kanak, the indigenous people of the territory. Approaching citizenship as a set of “political subjectivation processes” producing a citizenship simultaneously “determined by the state and by the subjects composing it ”, we explore the answers and “negotiation attempts” made by the Kanak youths toward it. Results show that despite some negative representations playing against them, the youths still appropriate possibilities opened up by public policies and programs in hope to make their grievances heard and to implement structuring projects. Furthermore, as those forms of civic practices are used as handles to resist French hegemony in Province Sud by youths that seek above all to strongly affirm their Kanak identities, north youth participation in the public space appears rather embedded in an inclusive approach toward other communities.