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Ethical Civilization and the Cultivation of Citizens in the Perspective of Hegel’s Philosophy of Spirit (Ethical Education Research; No.2, 2019) Année de publication: 2019 Auteur: 吕寿伟 The process of education is to make children grow from natural individuals to national citizens. Education constantly improves individual upbring through the removal of children’s nature and the transformation of their individuality, and ultimately makes the inner change of children’s spirit. Ethical entities are the environment for children to be nurtured, and families, schools and states are the realistic forms. Family is the natural ethical entity of education, which takes love as the basic spiritual rule. In family, children gradually transform the family’s ethical spirit into the habitual intention of self. But the selfish nature of the family cannot create a modern citizen with a public spirit. The school, as an educational community, is an ethical combination which consists of children from different families. “Emancipation”，which is the spiritual rule of school education, creates educated individuals. But school cannot shape the real citizens, which can only be formed in the ethical entity of the country. The state, as a concept, embodies the common will of the public. The purpose of the state is to complete the shaping of the national citizens through the promotion of children' upbring. 黑格尔精神哲学视域下的伦理教化与公民养成 (道德教育研究; No.2, 2019) Année de publication: 2019 Auteur: 吕寿伟 教育的过程是使儿童从自然的个体成长为国家公民的过程。教育通过对儿童自然性的去除和个 性的改造，而不断提升个体教养，最终使儿童获得精神气质的内在转变。伦理实体是儿童获得教养的环境， 家庭、学校和国家是伦理实体的现实形态。家庭是天然的教育伦理实体，它以爱为基本的精神规定，在家 庭中，儿童逐步将家庭的伦理精神转化自我的习惯性意向。但家庭的自私本性不可能塑造出具有公共精神 的现代公民。学校作为一个教育共同体是一种伦理性的结合，它由来自不同家庭的儿童组成伦理性实体。 “解放”是学校教育的精神规定，它通过解放塑造有教养的个体。但学校并不能完成现实公民的塑造，现 实的公民只能在国家这一伦理实体中形成。作为理念的国家体现着普遍性的公共意志，国家的目的在于通 过对儿童教养的提升而完成国家公民的塑造。