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Exploring pupil perceptions of Jews, Jewish identity and the Holocaust This paper argues that effective Holocaust education involves exploring pupils' perceptions of Jews and Jewish identity. Identifying these preconceptions is necessary for combating anti-Semitism, challenging misconceptions and facilitating a historically accurate understanding of the Holocaust. How do pupils define the Jews and what it is that makes someone Jewish? How do pupils explain the causes of the Holocaust and why it was that the Nazi regime specifically targeted Jews? The empirical basis of this paper attempts to help answer these questions. One hundred and forty seven children aged 13 and 14 took part in mixed-method research in order to explore their ideas and concepts of Jewish identity and why the Holocaust took place. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of the findings for Holocaust education. (By the author) The boy in the striped pyjamas: a blessing or curse for Holocaust education This essay analyses the effectiveness of The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas as a pedagogic tool in Holocaust education. Drawing upon an empirical study conducted on 298 students’ preconceptions of the Holocaust, it suggests that the book and the film have had a large influence on existing ideas and have helped to establish problematic misconceptions. By highlighting its historicalinaccuracies and skewed moral messages, this essay suggests that The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas is principally a curse for Holocaust education. It concludes by considering practical responses to the story’s popularity and how its negative impact can be reduced. (By the author) Historical Understanding - Beyond the Past and into the Present In this chapter Boix-Mansilla looks at the possibilities for using history to understand present-day issues. Partially funded through the Facing History and Ourselves organization, this study looked at whether learning about the Holocaust provided a more contextualized understanding of the 1994 genocide in Rwanda. This research found that students often used an ineffectual I-know-this-history-so-I-know-that-experience reasoning when making links between the two genocides, even though historical comparisons rely on both similarities and differences in analysis. Boix-Mansilla emphasizes that directed instruction on the process of historical comparison can remedy the weak reasoning demonstrated in the study and cites the literature on the strengths of using history to speak about present events to support this. (By the author) 
Expérience et projet : la pensée de Dewey traduite en action pédagogique Année de publication: 2016 Auteur: Marc Boutet Auteur institutionnel: Phronesis John Dewey parle du sujet comme d’un « agency of doing » qui, par son action, s’efforce de créer du sens. À partir de cette conception, Dewey propose de nouveaux principes d’enseignement mettant l’accent sur l’apprentissage dans un contexte d’activité libre plutôt que dans un contexte de discipline contraignante. L’apprenant n’est plus seulement invité à se représenter le phénomène à comprendre, il est en quelque sorte invité à aller à sa rencontre, à en faire l’expérience, celle-ci étant définie comme une transaction entre l’être humain et son environnement physique et social. Dewey affirmait également que l’absence d’une continuité dans l’expérience marque l’amorce de la démarche d’apprentissage, qu’il nomme démarche d’enquête (inquiry), laquelle n’est plus décrite comme essentiellement individualiste, ce qui fonde sa perception épistémique de la démocratie. Après avoir décrit brièvement notre rencontre avec la pensée éducative de Dewey, nous tenterons d’établir, à partir de sa conception de l’action, de l’enquête et de la démocratie, comment sa pensée peut être considérée comme fondatrice d’une innovation pédagogique majeure symbolisant la réforme de l’éducation au Québec des années 2000 : l’approche par projet. A ‘Curtain of Ignorance’: An Analysis of Holocaust Portrayal in Textbooks from 1943 through 1959 If textbooks are supposed to be an honest and impartial portrayal of historical events, they should remain the same over time. However, when examining one event across different editions of the same textbook, it becomes apparent that this is not the case. This study seeks to examine how the beginnings of the Cold War may have influenced how the Holocaust was discussed during the 1940s and 1950s. Results indicate that as Germany transformed from an enemy to be defeated into an ally needed to stop the advance of Communism, discussion of the Holocaust became more muted. While the beginnings of the Cold War may not be the only factor in this phenomenon, the results of this study indicate a methodological process in which textbooks could be used to create critical and historical thinking in today's classroom. (By the author) "Hitler is a Bully" Middle School Students’ Perspectives on Holocaust Education in Greater Victoria, British Columbia This study investigates middle school students’ interest in learning about the Holocaust, which methods are the most effective at teaching the Holocaust and how the testimony of Holocaust survivors can be retold to the next generations of middle school students. In order to answer these research questions, my study uses surveys with three classes of current middle school students in Greater Victoria, British Columbia, a focus group with graduate students at the University of Victoria and an interview with Larissa Weber, the director of the Anne Frank Exhibition in Berlin. These quantitative and qualitative results are analyzed using a mixed methods approach. The middle school students’ perceptions regarding effective educational methods when teaching the Holocaust in my limited sample (n=77 in the first survey and n=58 in the second survey) suggest that there is a connection between personal narrative and empathy when teaching the Holocaust in middle school classrooms. These findings are contextualized with a summary of the history of Holocaust education in Canadian public schools and a discussion regarding the role of empathy in learning about the Holocaust. (By the author) 
Educating Citizens at School: Individualization and Depoliticization of Citizenship Année de publication: 2018 Auteur: Géraldine Bozec Auteur institutionnel: Lien social et Politiques This text analyzes the features and the figures of the legitimate citizen in the sphere of school, through both official guidelines and school staff’s conceptions and practices. Data from two qualitative fieldwork surveys in French schools are used. The analysis focuses on the political dimension of citizenship: the relationship between individuals and power and their agency in collective and political life. Overall, citizens’ participation is a secondary dimension in school citizenship education, which rather emphasizes the intellectual autonomy of the critical citizen. The school hardly offers tools enabling students to understand political life, its issues, its actors and its concrete processes. The avoidance of political issues that is observed in classrooms is related to a particular conception of school political neutrality, but still more to the objective of cohesion officially attributed to school and recognized by teachers as legitimate. In other respects, citizenship is increasingly intended to be translated into the school life itself, whose modes of organization must move closer to those of adult political democracy. The article shows the limitations of such an analogy between the school and political society and identifies several obstacles that hinder the implementation of this “democratic school”. Lastly, it highlights the gap between the emphasis on the figure of individual citizen in the school space and the relationship to groups entailed by the actual practice of citizenship. La formation du citoyen à l’école : individualisation et dépolitisation de la citoyenneté Année de publication: 2018 Auteur: Géraldine Bozec Auteur institutionnel: Lien social et Politiques Ce texte analyse les qualités et les figures du citoyen légitime dans la sphère de l’école, en s’intéressant à la fois aux directives officielles et aux représentations et pratiques des acteurs scolaires. Les données de deux enquêtes qualitatives conduites dans des établissements scolaires français sont ici mobilisées. Le regard porte prioritairement sur la dimension politique de la citoyenneté : le rapport de l’individu au pouvoir et sa capacité d’action dans la vie collective et politique. Globalement, la participation du citoyen apparait comme une dimension relativement secondaire dans l’éducation scolaire à la citoyenneté, au profit de l’autonomie intellectuelle du citoyen critique. L’école offre peu d’outils permettant aux élèves d’appréhender la vie politique, ses enjeux, ses acteurs et ses processus concrets. L’évitement des sujets politiques que l’on observe dans les classes renvoie non seulement à une conception particulière de la neutralité politique, mais aussi et surtout à l’objectif de cohésion qui est attribué officiellement à l’école et que les enseignants reconnaissent comme légitime. La citoyenneté est par ailleurs censée s’exprimer de plus en plus dans la vie même de l’établissement, dont les modes de fonctionnement doivent se rapprocher de la démocratie politique adulte. Le texte montre les limites d’une telle analogie entre la sphère scolaire et la société politique et identifie divers obstacles qui pèsent sur la mise en oeuvre de cette « démocratie scolaire ». Il met enfin en évidence le décalage entre l’insistance sur la figure d’un individu-citoyen dans l’espace scolaire et l’inscription dans des collectifs que suppose l’exercice réel de la citoyenneté. "Why Do We Always Have to Say We're Sorry?" A Case Study on Navigating Moral Expectations in Classroom Communication on National Socialism and the Holocaust in Germany Against the background of the pedagogization and internationalization of Holocaust memory discourse, this contribution focuses on the specific conditions of history classes on National Socialism and the Holocaust in Germany. Using a case study, this article shows both how the meanings of these subjects are communicatively negotiated in history classes and how these classroom discourses relate to the specific context of the culture of memory in Germany. Particular attention is given to the question of guilt and the concomitant moral expectations—which can be interpreted as a specific condition of the memory of the Holocaust in the successor state of the Third Reich. Within this context, the central questions of my study are: (1) How do today's youth in Germany navigate the moral expectations that are implicit within the established historical narratives on the Holocaust? (2) How do ethnically and nationally linked conceptions of memory play a role in youth's sense-making about the Holocaust? (By the author) “What Happened to Their Pets?”: Third Graders Encounter the Holocaust Though widely believed to contain moral lessons of import for audiences of all ages, the Holocaust is often considered too complex, too appalling, too impenetrable, or too emotionally disturbing a subject to be taught to young children, even if taught only in its most “preparatory version,” to use Jerome Bruner’s famous phrasing. The subject matter, after all, deals at its core with human brutality, barbarous indifference, and industrialized mass murder. Nonetheless, a burgeoning market in materials designed to expose young children to the Holocaust implies that students are learning about the topic in earlier and earlier grades, a phenomenon that may be referred to as “curricular creep.” Such a trend raises the question of whether students should be exposed, purposefully and formally, to the horrors of the Holocaust, or, conversely, whether curricular creep should be somehow corralled. Although authors have weighed in on the ethics of Holocaust education, its history, practices, and materials, few have discussed its rightful place in the elementary school curriculum. Fewer still have empirically examined what the Holocaust looks like when taught to a young audience. (By the author)