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从融合教育角度探讨普通学校教师的特教专业知能发展 (教育进展; vol. 10; no. 3) Année de publication: 2020 Auteur: 董志文 | 伍剑佐 文章探讨中国异地就读的少数民族学生的文化适应问题，并对如何改变和提升这些学生的文化适应提出相关建议。 
The Digital Future of Teacher Training in Indonesia: What’s Next? Année de publication: 2022 Auteur: Noah Yarrow | Noviandri Khairina | Jacobus Cilliers | Indah Dini Auteur institutionnel: World Bank | Government of Australia This report reflects on the Indonesia’s online teacher training ecosystem based on unique data collected from both teachers and providers during the COVID-19 period. A detailed mapping of the eight largest providers of online teacher training in Indonesia was conducted, covering 25 programs. We find that the majority of programs are short in duration and focus on digital literacy skills and remote learning. Training programs were mostly provided using online lectures, few provided individual coaching, while none provided opportunities for personalized learning. Second, we conducted a nationally representative phone survey of 435 primary and junior secondary teachers spanning 30 provinces across Indonesia (66 percent of whom are female teachers). The teacher survey was conducted between February and March 2021 and covered teachers under both the Ministry of Education, Research, and Technology (MoECRT) and the Ministry of Religious Affairs (MoRA). We find that 44 percent of teachers participated in online learning during the pandemic, and that three quarters of these teachers had never participated in online training prior to the pandemic. Many training participants reported challenges in implementing what they learned from online training. Most of the teachers who participated (88 percent) would like to continue receiving training online even after the pandemic ends. These results suggest that demand for online training is expected to persist, but more can be done to improve their quality. 
Gender Bias, Citizen Participation, and AI (Policy Research Working Papers; Planet; RRR; 11046) Année de publication: 2025 Auteur: Jose Antonio Cuesta Leiva | Natalia Gisel Pecorari Auteur institutionnel: World Bank This paper investigates the role of gender bias in artificial intelligence–driven analyses of citizen participation, using data from the 2023 Latinobarómetro Survey. The paper proposes that gender bias—whether societal, data driven, or algorithmic—significantly affects civic engagement. Using machine learning, particularly decision trees, the analysis explores how self-reported societal bias (machismo norms) interacts with personal characteristics and circumstances to shape civic participation. The findings show that individuals with reportedly low levels of gender bias, who express political interest, have high levels of education, and align with left-wing views, are more likely to participate. The paper also explores different strategies to mitigate gender bias in both the data and the algorithms, demonstrating that gender bias remains a persistent factor even after applying corrective measures. Notably, lower machismo thresholds are required for participation in more egalitarian societies, with men needing to exhibit especially low machismo levels. Ultimately, the findings emphasize the importance of integrated strategies to tackle gender bias and increase participation, offering a framework for future studies to expand on nonlinear and complex social dynamics. 
Countering and addressing online hate speech: a guide for policy makers and practitioners Année de publication: 2023 Auteur institutionnel: UN. Office on Genocide Prevention and the Responsibility to Protect Online hate speech remains a critical challenge to advancing the objectives set out in the UN Strategy and Plan of Action on Hate Speech and the pillars of the United Nations work, namely Peace and Security, Human Rights and Sustainable Development. The recommendations outlined in this policy paper, provide a framework for countering hate speech, in line with international human rights norms and standards. The recommendations are based on three years of consultations and dialogue, including with the technology and social media companies, experts, the UN Working Group on Hate Speech and civil society. Their implementation should be part of broader efforts to address hate speech globally, including its root causes and impact offline, in line with the UN Strategy and Plan of Action. The pursuit of these recommendations should also prioritize participation and engagement directly with the victims of hate speech, underpinned by the principles of non-discrimination and leaving no one behind. 
United Nations Global Principles for Information Integrity : Recommendations for Multi-stakeholder Action Année de publication: 2024 Auteur institutionnel: United Nations (UN) Technological advances have revolutionized communications, connecting people on a previously unthinkable scale. They have supported communities in times of crisis, elevated marginalized voices and helped mobilize global movements for racial justice and gender equality. Yet these same advances have enabled the spread of misinformation, disinformation and hate speech at an unprecedented volume, velocity and virality, risking the integrity of the information ecosystem. New and escalating risks stemming from leaps in AI technologies have made strengthening information integrity one of the urgent tasks of our time. This clear and present global threat demands coordinated international action. The United Nations Global Principles for Information Integrity show us another future is possible. Principes mondiaux des Nations Unies pour l’intégrité de l’information: Recommandations pour une action multipartite Année de publication: 2024 Auteur institutionnel: United Nations (UN) Les avancées technologiques ont révolutionné les communications, connectant les personnes à une échelle autrefois inimaginable. Elles ont soutenu les communautés en temps de crise, amplifié les voix marginalisées et contribué à la mobilisation mondiale pour la justice raciale et l’égalité des genres. Pourtant, ces mêmes avancées ont également favorisé la propagation de la désinformation, des informations fallacieuses (ou « fake news ») et des discours de haine à une vitesse, une ampleur et une viralité sans précédent, menaçant ainsi l’intégrité de l’écosystème informationnel. Les risques émergents et croissants liés aux progrès rapides de l’intelligence artificielle font du renforcement de l’intégrité de l’information l’un des défis les plus urgents de notre époque. Cette menace mondiale, claire et actuelle, exige une action internationale coordonnée. La publication Principes mondiaux des Nations Unies pour l’intégrité de l’information nous montrent qu’un autre avenir est possible. 
Carbon Inequality Kills: Why Curbing the Excessive Emissions of an Elite Few Can Create a Sustainable Planet for All Année de publication: 2024 Auteur: Mira Alestig | Nafkote Dabi | Abha Jeurkar | Alex Maitland | Max Lawson | Daniel Horen Greenford | Corey Lesk | Ashfaq Khalfan Auteur institutionnel: Oxfam International The only way to beat climate breakdown and deliver social justice is to radically reduce inequality. This briefing paper reveals the catastrophic climate impacts of the richest individuals in the world, and proposes taking urgent action to protect people and the planet. What little carbon dioxide we can still safely emit is being burned indiscriminately by the super-rich. We share new evidence of how the yachts, jets and polluting investments of the 50 richest billionaires are accelerating the climate crisis. Oxfam’s research shows that the emissions of the world’s super-rich 1% are causing economic losses of trillions of dollars; contributing to huge crop losses; and leading to millions of excess deaths. As global temperatures continue to rise, risking the lives and livelihoods of people living in poverty and precarity, we must act now to curb the emissions of the super-rich and make rich polluters pay. Notice of Corrections available for this report. LA Desigualdad de las emisiones de carbono MATA: Limitar el exceso de emisiones de una reducida élite para lograr un mundo más sostenible para todas las personas Année de publication: 2024 Auteur: Mira Alestig | Nafkote Dabi | Abha Jeurkar | Alex Maitland | Max Lawson | Daniel Horen Greenford | Corey Lesk | Ashfaq Khalfan Auteur institutionnel: Oxfam International La única manera de evitar el colapso climático y garantizar la justicia social es reducir drásticamente las desigualdades. El presente informe pone de manifiesto las nefastas consecuencias que el estilo de vida de las personas más ricas del mundo tiene sobre el cambio climático, y plantea la adopción de medidas urgentes que permitan proteger a las personas y el planeta.Son los más ricos quienes están consumiendo, indiscriminadamente, la limitada cantidad de dióxido de carbono que aún podemos emitir de forma segura. En este estudio se publican nuevos datos que demuestran que los yates, los aviones privados y las contaminantes inversiones de 50 de las personas más ricas del mundo están acelerando la crisis climática. La investigación de Oxfam pone de manifiesto que las emisiones generadas por el 1 % más rico de la población mundial están ocasionando perjuicios económicos por valor de billones de dólares, además de contribuir a enormes pérdidas de cosechas y millones de muertes.Mientras tanto, la temperatura global sigue aumentando, lo cual pone en riesgo la vida y los medios de vida de millones de personas en situación de pobreza y precariedad. Por eso, es urgente que se adopten medidas que permitan frenar las emisiones de los más ricos, y lograr que quienes más contaminan asuman el coste. LES INÉGALITÉS CARBONE TUENT: Réduire les émissions excessives d’une élite peut favoriser la durabilité de la planète pour tou·te·s Année de publication: 2024 Auteur: Mira Alestig | Nafkote Dabi | Abha Jeurkar | Alex Maitland | Max Lawson | Daniel Horen Greenford | Corey Lesk | Ashfaq Khalfan Auteur institutionnel: Oxfam International Pour lutter contre le dérèglement climatique et instaurer une véritable justice sociale, une seule solution s’impose : la réduction drastique des inégalités. En mettant en évidence les répercussions catastrophiques que le mode de vie des plus riches entraîne sur le climat, la présente note d’information propose des mesures urgentes pour protéger l’ensemble de la population et la planète.Le peu de dioxyde de carbone que nous pouvons encore nous permettre de générer sans que cela entraîne des conséquences irréparables est aujourd’hui dilapidé sans discernement par les ultra-riches. Nous offrons ici de nouvelles preuves de la façon dont les yachts de luxe, les jets privés et les investissements polluants de 50 des milliardaires les plus riches au monde accélèrent la crise climatique. Les recherches d’Oxfam montrent que les émissions produites par la frange des 1 % les plus riches de la planète provoquent des pertes économiques estimées à plusieurs milliers de milliards de dollars, contribuent à la destruction d’une énorme quantité de récoltes et entraînent des millions de décès prématurés.Alors que la température de la Terre ne cesse d’augmenter, mettant en péril la vie et les moyens de subsistance des personnes qui vivent dans la pauvreté et la précarité, il nous faut agir sans délai pour endiguer les émissions des ultra-riches et faire payer les riches pollueurs. 
Carbon Inequality Kills: Why Curbing the Excessive Emissions of an Elite Few Can Create a Sustainable Planet for All; Executive Summary Année de publication: 2024 Auteur: Mira Alestig | Nafkote Dabi | Abha Jeurkar | Alex Maitland | Max Lawson | Daniel Horen Greenford | Corey Lesk | Ashfaq Khalfan Auteur institutionnel: Oxfam International The only way to beat climate breakdown and deliver social justice is to radically reduce inequality. This briefing paper reveals the catastrophic climate impacts of the richest individuals in the world, and proposes taking urgent action to protect people and the planet. What little carbon dioxide we can still safely emit is being burned indiscriminately by the super-rich. We share new evidence of how the yachts, jets and polluting investments of the 50 richest billionaires are accelerating the climate crisis. Oxfam’s research shows that the emissions of the world’s super-rich 1% are causing economic losses of trillions of dollars; contributing to huge crop losses; and leading to millions of excess deaths. As global temperatures continue to rise, risking the lives and livelihoods of people living in poverty and precarity, we must act now to curb the emissions of the super-rich and make rich polluters pay.