Ressources
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Repenser nos futurs ensemble: Un nouveau contrat social pour l'éducation Année de publication: 2021 Auteur institutionnel: International Commission on the Futures of Education | UNESCO L’avenir de l’humanité sur la planète est, nous le savons aujourd’hui, compromis. La pandémie a eu au moins le mérite de démontrer combien nos existences sont fragiles et combien nos destins sont inextricablement liés. Il est nécessaire et urgent désormais, d’agir collectivement pour changer de cap et réinventer notre avenir. Dans ce tournant, l’éducation jouera un rôle crucial pour sa capacité, universellement reconnue, à provoquer le changement. Mais pour jouer son rôle, elle devra surmonter un double défi : honorer, d’une part, sa plus vieille promesse, c’est-à-dire d’être effective et d’assurer le droit à une éducation de qualité pour chaque enfant, chaque jeune, chaque adulte partout à travers le monde ; et, d’autre part, assumer entièrement son potentiel transformateur, afin d’ouvrir la voie vers un avenir collectif durable. Pour y parvenir, il convient de s’engager dans un nouveau contrat social pour l’éducation, qui permette de corriger les injustices tout en transformant l’avenir.Ce nouveau contrat social doit être enraciné dans les droits humains et être fondé sur les principes de non- discrimination, de justice sociale, de respect de la vie, de la dignité humaine et de la diversité culturelle ; il doit aussi s’appuyer sur une éthique de la sollicitude, de la réciprocité et de la solidarité ; il doit enfin renforcer l’éducation comme projet public et un bien commun de l’humanité.Le présent rapport, préparé durant deux ans et qui a pu s’appuyer sur une consultation mondiale de près d’un million de personnes, invite les gouvernements, les partenaires et les citoyens du monde entier à élaborer un nouveau contrat social en faveur de l’éducation, pour construire un avenir pacifique, juste et durable pour toutes et tous.Les conceptions, les principes et les propositions avancés ici ne constituent qu’un point de départ. Seul un effort collectif pourra les traduire en actes et les adapter aux situations locales. Il existe en effet de vraies lueurs d’espoir. Ce rapport essaie de les ressaisir afin que l’avenir se construise sur ces fondations. Qu’on n’y voit donc pas un manuel ou un plan directeur : c’est le début d’une conversation vitale. 
Global Citizenship Education: Comoros, Djibouti, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius and Seychelles Année de publication: 2022 Auteur institutionnel: Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura (UNESCO) This is a collection of papers of a research project undertaken in six countries of the Eastern Africa region, namely, Comoros, Djibouti, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius and Seychelles to assess the Understanding and Implementation of SDG 4.7 on Global Citizenship Education (GCED) in each of the six countries.The research findings were shared by each of the six countries in a Webinar hosted by the UNESCO Nairobi Regional Office for Eastern Africa on September 23, 2021. The Webinar Agenda is contained in this publication along with the Opening and Closing Remarks made by UNESCO and Keynote Address by an affiliate UNESCO Chair in Africa. 
From Access to Empowerment: Operational Tools to Advance Gender Equality in and Through Education Année de publication: 2021 Auteur institutionnel: UNESCO This toolkit has been developed to strengthen individual and institutional capacity to integrate gender equality into education programmes in an effective manner. It has been prepared for all UNESCO Education Sector staff, including those at Headquarters, in Field/Regional/Cluster Offices and in Institutes as well as for implementing partners. This toolkit provides orientation and operational tools to meaningfully integrate gender into all education programmes. The first part provides a short introduction to key concepts on gender equality in and through education and an overview on how gender equality in education links to UNESCO’s vision and internationally agreed objectives. The second part provides practical guidance on how to mainstream gender equality into an education programme, how to design gender-transformative programmes and finally, how to monitor and evaluate gender results in education programmes. Del acceso al empoderamiento: Herramientas operativas para promover la igualdad de género en y a través de la educación Année de publication: 2021 Auteur institutionnel: UNESCO Esta guía se ha desarrollado para fortalecer la capacidad individual e institucional para integrar de forma efectiva la igualdad de género en los programas de educación. Fue elaborada para todo el personal del Sector de Educación de la UNESCO, incluyendo el personal ubicado en la Sede, en las Oficinas fuera de la Sede, regionales y multipaís, y en los Institutos, así como para los asociados en la ejecución de su trabajo. Esta guía ofrece herramientas orientativas y operativas para integrar de forma significativa la cuestión de género en todos los programas de educación. La primera parte ofrece una breve introducción a los conceptos clave de la igualdad de género en y a través de la educación y un resumen general de cómo la igualdad de género en la educación se vincula con la visión de la UNESCO y sus objetivos, aprobados a nivel internacional. La segunda parte ofrece una orientación práctica de cómo integrar la igualdad de género en los programas de educación, cómo elaborar programas transformadores en materia de género y, por último, cómo realizar el seguimiento y la evaluación de los resultados en materia de género en los programas de educación. 
Global Education Monitoring Report 2021/2: Non-state Actors in Education; Who Chooses? Who Loses? Année de publication: 2021 Auteur institutionnel: UNESCO Non-state actors’ role extends beyond provision of schooling to interventions at various education levels and influence spheres. Alongside its review of progress towards SDG 4, including emerging evidence on the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact, the 2021/2 Global Education Monitoring Report urges governments to see all institutions, students and teachers as part of a single system. Standards, information, incentives and accountability should help governments protect, respect and fulfill the right to education of all, without turning their eyes away from privilege or exploitation. Publicly funded education does not have to be publicly provided but disparity in education processes, student outcomes and teacher working conditions must be addressed. Efficiency and innovation, rather than being commercial secrets, should be diffused and practiced by all. To that end, transparency and integrity in the public education policy process need to be maintained to block vested interests. The report’s rallying call – Who chooses? Who loses? – invites policymakers to question relationships with non-state actors in terms of fundamental choices: between equity and freedom of choice; between encouraging initiative and setting standards; between groups of varying means and needs; between immediate commitments under SDG 4 and those to be progressively realized (e.g. post-secondary education); and between education and other social sectors. 全球教育监测报告摘要, 2021/2年: 教育领域的非国家行为体：谁能主动选择？谁将错失机会？ Année de publication: 2021 Auteur institutionnel: 联合国教科文组织 (UNESCO) 本文件是2021/2022年全球教育检测报告的摘要，主要聚焦教育领域的非国家行为体，包括私人办学、宗教办学等力量，并探讨了与非国家行为体对教育的影响与存在问题。 
L’action de l’UNESCO en faveur de l’égalité des genres dans et par l’éducation: Points majeurs de l’année 2020 Année de publication: 2022 Auteur institutionnel: UNESCO Ce rapport présente les points majeurs de l’action menée en 2020 par l’UNESCO pour faire progresser l’égalité des genres dans et par l’éducation.L’action menée par l’UNESCO dans le domaine de l’éducation et du genre est ancrée dans la stratégie de l’UNESCO pour l’égalité des genres dans et par l’éducation 2019-2025. Cette stratégie repose aussi sur l’initiative Son éducation, notre avenir, lancée en parallèle afin de mobiliser les engagements politiques et financiers et de faciliterla coopération et l’action conjointe en faveur de l’éducation des filles et des femmes. 
Where Do We Stand on Education for Sustainable Development and Global Citizenship Education: Findings of the 7th Consultation on the Implementation of the 1974 Recommendation Concerning Education for International Understanding, Co-operation and Peace and Education Relating to Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms Année de publication: 2022 Auteur institutionnel: UNESCO The Recommendation concerning Education for International Understanding, Co-operation and Peace and Education relating to Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms was adopted by the 18th session of UNESCO’s General Conference in November 1974. Every four years, Member States are invited to report on the measures they have taken to implement the Recommendation in all levels and types of education from pre-primary to tertiary, formal, non-formal and adult education. This document summarizes the results of the 7th consultation on the implementation of the 1974 Recommendation, covering the period 2017-2020. It also contains, for the first time, data for the global indicator adopted by the UN Statistical Commission and the UN General Assembly for the monitoring of Target 4.7 of Sustainable Development Goal for Education. 
Guidelines for ICT in education policies and masterplans Année de publication: 2022 Auteur: Fengchun Miao | Juan Enrique Hinostroza | Molly Lee | Shafika Isaacs | Dominic Orr | Fabio Senne | Ana-Laura Martinez | Ki-Sang Song | Alexander Uvarov | Wayne Holmes | Benjamin Vergel de Dios Auteur institutionnel: UNESCO Countries across the world have been leveraging information and communication technologies (ICTs) to advance education for decades. These initiatives are driven by public institutions and involve commercial technology companies, and have resulted in paradoxes such as increasing digital inequalities and uneven access to high-quality digital learning opportunities. The COVID-19 crisis further exacerbated this trend: At least one third of students globally did not have access to distance learning during the peak of the COVID-19 crisis in 2020.The publication aims to guide policy-makers to ensure that when adopting technology, human rights should be defended; inclusion, equity and gender equality should be at the heart of solutions; and innovations should be considered as a common good. Based on these principles, the publication presents a human-centred view on the potentials of technologies ranging from low-bandwidth technologies to emerging technologies including Artificial Intelligence and Web 3.0 or “metaverse”. It advocates for national policies to protect the digital well-being of teachers and students, to reduce and neutralize the digital emission footprint, and to avoid ‘techno-solutionism’.This publication proposes policy planning frameworks and an iterative roadmap to examine the digital readiness of local education systems, assess needs of learners and teachers, and plan well-resourced national ICT in education programmes. This is followed by a deep dive into examples of national masterplans on the use of ICT in different types of education. 
Challenging Systematic Prejudices: An Investigation into Bias Against Women and Girls in Large Language Models Année de publication: 2024 Auteur: Daniel Van Niekerk | Maria Peréz Ortiz | John Shaw-Taylor | Davor Orlic | Ivana Drobnjak | Jackie Kay | Noah Siegel | Katherine Evans | Nyalleng Moorosi | Tina Eliassi-Rad | Leone Maria Tanczer | Wayne Holmes | Marc Peter Deisenroth | Isabel Straw | Maria Fasli | Rachel Adams | Nuria Oliver | Dunja Mladenić | Urvashi Aneja | Madeleine Janicky Auteur institutionnel: UNESCO | International Research Centre on Artificial Intelligence (IRCAI) This study explores biases in three significant large language models (LLMs): OpenAI’s GPT-2 and ChatGPT, along with Meta’s Llama 2, highlighting their role in both advanced decision-making systems and as user-facing conversational agents. Across multiple studies, the brief reveals how biases emerge in the text generated by LLMs, through gendered word associations, positive or negative regard for gendered subjects, or diversity in text generated by gender and culture. The research uncovers persistent social biases within these state-of-the-art language models, despite ongoing efforts to mitigate such issues. The findings underscore the critical need for continuous research and policy intervention to address the biases that exacerbate as these technologies are integrated across diverse societal and cultural landscapes. The emphasis on GPT-2 and Llama 2 being open-source foundational models is particularly noteworthy, as their widespread adoption underlines the urgent need for scalable, objective methods to assess and correct biases, ensuring fairness in AI systems globally.