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Education for developing a global Omani citizen: current practices and challenges Année de publication: 2014 Auteur: Saif Al-Maamari Auteur institutionnel: Redfame Publishing Oman is a developing country which reformed its educational system in 1998 in order to meet the challenges of the 21st century, especially economic challenges. Strength of national identity and developing a sense of global citizenship were among the priorities of the new educational reform. This paper is based on a review of current practices regarding global citizenship education in educational system. The purpose of this theoretical study was to explore the current provision of the aspects of global citizenship education in Omani schools. Specifically, the study attempts to identify the current practices that are implemented by Omani schools to help Omani students to develop a sense of effective global citizenship. The study indicates that Omani education is not nationally centered as it aims to develop students who have global awareness. The study shows employing different approaches to develop a sense of global citizenship, namely, a separate school subject; integrated theme in social studies education, participation in some international initiatives in global citizenship education, and celebrating the international days and decades. L'éducation pour le Développement d'ONU Citoyen Omanais Mondiale: Pratiques et Défis Actuels Année de publication: 2014 Auteur: Saif Al-Maamari Auteur institutionnel: Redfame Publishing Oman est un pays en développement qui a réformé son système éducatif en 1998 dans le but de relever les défis du 21e siècle, en particulier les défis économiques. Force de l'identité nationale et de développer un sentiment de citoyenneté mondiale étaient parmi les priorités de la nouvelle réforme de l'éducation. Cet article est basé sur un examen des pratiques actuelles concernant L'éducation à la citoyenneté Mondiale (ECM) dans le système éducatif. Le but de cette étude théorique était d'explorer la disposition actuelle des aspects de L'éducation à la citoyenneté Mondiale (ECM) dans les écoles omanaises. Plus précisément, l'étude tente d'identifier les pratiques actuelles qui sont mises en œuvre par les écoles omanaises pour aider les étudiants omanais à développer un sentiment de citoyenneté mondiale efficace. L'étude indique que l'éducation omanaise est pas centrée à l'échelle nationale car elle vise à développer chez les élèves qui ont la conscience globale. L'étude montre en utilisant différentes approches pour développer le sens de la citoyenneté mondiale, à savoir, un sujet d'écoles séparées; thème intégré dans l'enseignement des études sociales, la participation à des initiatives internationales en matière d'éducation à la citoyenneté mondiale, et célébrant les jours et les décennies internationales. Global education in Austria Auteur institutionnel: North-South Centre of the Council of Europe This National Report on Global Education in Austria is part of the European Global Education Peer Review Process, which was initiated in 2002 with the purpose of increasing and improving global education in Council of Europe member states. This report is the culmination of a peer review process led by an international peer review team. Through research and interviews with key stakeholders, information was gathered and critical perspectives developed about the current state of, and the future prospects for, global education in Austria. This year–long process, facilitated by the North-South Centre of the Council of Europe, was developed in partnership with the Austrian Strategy Group for Global Education as the national counterpart in the process. It involved the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Education, the Austrian Development Agency (ADA), KommEnt, and the NGO and academic communities.This Peer Review report recognises the relatively strong tradition of global education in Austria. Austrian support for GE is reflected in the range of committed organisations involved in GE, and the many initiatives and projects in the formal and non-formal education sectors, and in civil society. Chapter 1 below provides an introduction to the report and the process generally. Chapter 2 outlines the context of global education in Austria. Chapter 3 examines global education in the formal education sector. Chapter 4 focuses on the important and varied work taking place in non-formal education, civil society organisations and other sectors in this field. Chapter 5 provides, in summary fashion, an outline of the key observations and recommendations of the Peer Review. 
تعليم اللاجئين السوريين: إدارة الازمة في تركيا ولبنان والأردن Année de publication: 2015 Auteur: Shelly Culbertson | Louay Constant Auteur institutionnel: RAND Corporation مع وجود أربعة ملايين لاجئ سوري اعتبارًا من سبتمبر 2015 ، هناك حاجة ملحة لتطوير مناهج قصيرة وطويلة الأجل لتوفير التعليم لأطفال هذه الفئة من السكان. يستعرض هذا التقرير تعليم اللاجئين السوريين للأطفال في البلدان الثلاثة المجاورة التي تضم أكبر عدد من اللاجئين - تركيا ولبنان والأردن - ويحلل أربعة مجالات: الوصول والإدارة والمجتمع والجودة. وتشمل آثار السياسة إعطاء الأولوية للحاجة الملحة لزيادة فرص الحصول على التعليم بين اللاجئين ؛ الانتقال من استجابة إنسانية قصيرة المدى إلى استجابة إنمائية طويلة المدى ؛ الاستثمار في كل من قدرة الحكومة على توفير التعليم وفي البدائل الرسمية عالية الجودة لأنظمة المدارس العامة ؛ تحسين البيانات لدعم صنع القرار ؛ تطوير استراتيجية تداولية حول كيفية دمج أو فصل الأطفال السوريين وأطفال الدول المضيفة في المدارس لتعزيز التماسك الاجتماعي ؛ الحد من عمالة الأطفال وتمكين التعليم من خلال وضع سياسات توظيف للبالغين ؛ وتنفيذ خطوات معينة لتحسين جودة التعليم لكل من اللاجئين والمواطنين. 
Переосмысление школьного обучения ДЛЯ XXI ВЕКА Состояние образования ради мира, устойчивого развития и глобальной гражданственности в Азии Année de publication: 2017 Auteur institutionnel: Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Education for Peace and Sustainable Development (MGIEP) В публикации «Переосмысление школьного образования в XXI веке: состояние образования в интересах мира, устойчивого развития и в духе глобальной гражданственности в Азии» Института ЮНЕСКО Махатмы Ганди по образованию в интересах мира и устойчивого развития (МГИЭП) обсуждается о необходимости изменения фундаментальных целей школьного образования, включая идеалы образования в интересах устойчивого развития, в духе глобальной гражданственности и мира и (ЦУР 4.7). Кроме того, в исследовании рассматривается разработка сравнительных показателей – так называемые «бенчмарки», позволяющие оценить будущий прогресс в этой области.В этом отчете приняли участие более 60 исследователей из 22 стран Азии и он также основан на анализе ключевой образовательной политики и образовательных стандартов этих стран. Отчет также включает обширный обзор литературы по школьному образованию в Азии. В шестой главе публикации можно найти анализ текущего состояния и вопросов, стоящих по внедрению образования в интересах мира, устойчивого развития и в духе глобальной гражданственности в различных субрегионах Азии, включая Центральной Азии. Во-первых, глава раскрывает реформы в школьном образовании в постсоветской Центральной Азии, которые проводились в целях удовлетворения потребности в быстром создании собственной государственности в странах региона, которые не были готовы к независимости при распаде СССР. Во-вторых, в главе подчеркивается трансформация понимания советского восприятия образования как «общего блага» и его вытеснение, по крайней мере, на уровне политического дискурса, с неустанным акцентом на образование как инструмента развития «человеческих ресурсов» с учетом спроса рынка на компетенции.Глобальное сообщество обязалось достичь целей устойчивого развития (ЦУР), включая ЦУР4 по образованию, к 2030 году. Задача ЦУР4.7 направлена на предоставление учащимся знаний и компетенций, необходимых им для реализации всех целей устойчивого развития. Основное внимание уделяется когнитивным, социально-эмоциональным и поведенческим результатам обучения, которые помогают учащимся решать конкретные задачи, рассматриваемые ЦУР. Поскольку государства-члены Организации Объединенных Наций работают над достижением ЦУР, им предлагается переосмыслить образование для внесения вклада в ЦУР. В то время как ЦУР4.7 обеспечивает необходимую структуру в этом отношении. Education of Syrian Refugee Children: Managing the Crisis in Turkey, Lebanon, and Jordan Année de publication: 2015 Auteur: Shelly Culbertson | Louay Constant Auteur institutionnel: RAND Corporation With four million Syrian refugees as of September 2015, there is urgent need to develop both short-term and long-term approaches to providing education for the children of this population. This report reviews Syrian refugee education for children in the three neighboring countries with the largest population of refugees — Turkey, Lebanon, and Jordan — and analyzes four areas: access, management, society, and quality. Policy implications include prioritizing the urgent need to increase access to education among refugees; transitioning from a short-term humanitarian response to a longer-term development response; investing in both government capacity to provide education and in formal, quality alternatives to the public school systems; improving data in support of decisionmaking; developing a deliberative strategy about how to integrate or separate Syrian and host-country children in schools to promote social cohesion; limiting child labor and enabling education by creating employment policies for adults; and implementing particular steps to improve quality of education for both refugees and citizens. 
Supporting women participation in higher education in Eastern Africa: building sustainable and equitable higher education systems in Kenya, South Sudan and Uganda Année de publication: 2023 Auteur: Winnie V. Mitullah | Sibrino Forojalla | Benon Basheka | Saidou Sireh Jallow | Endris Adem Awol | Scheherazade Feddal | Daniele Vieira do Nascimento Auteur institutionnel: UNESCO International Institute for Higher Education in Latin America and the Caribbean (IESALC) | UNESCO Nairobi <Executive Summary>Some takeaways from the Report:Policy frameworks and various legislations have enhanced the implementation of programs aimed at improving women’s education from primary school to university level. At the Higher Education (HE) level, some progress has been made, but the institutions are lagging behind in having gender parity, more so in top leadership positions. Men dominate leadership positions. At lower education levels, progress is hampered by socio-economic and cultural gender inequities, and limited resources. Socio-cultural practices such as Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) and early marriages have also had a negative effect on women’s advancement to HE.There are multiple factors that hinder women’s participation in HE and in reaching leadership positions. These include fewer women having PhD, maternal household engagement, limited time for participation in research and related activities that are a requirement for upward mobility as well as lack of child care and women-friendly facilities within universities. Ongoing mainstreaming of gender in HE is improving the situation, albeit minimal. More effort is needed to increase the number of women in HE. In addition, there is limited administrative commitment on the part of the universities to address gender inequality in leadership positions.Overall, HE institutions have not fully exploited opportunities that exist for gender advancement in HE, including potential partnerships for supporting the advancement of women. There is need for effective governance to achieve gender equality and collaboration between HE institutions, and development partners through public-private partnerships. Such partnerships have the potential for making resources available and for funding opportunities to enhance the support to women students, in particular those undertaking STEM courses which require more time for study.In Kenya, higher education has evolved over time from the technical and commercial institute in Nairobi – the Royal Technical College of East Africa – established in 1951 to offer technical courses within the East Africa region. The college was transformed to Royal Technical College in 1961, and later to the University of Nairobi in 1970. From this initial one university, Kenya currently has 32 chartered public universities, 9 public university constituent colleges, 21 chartered private universities and 3 private university constituent colleges.In South Sudan, at its commencement, missionary education did not provide for girls. When schools re-opened in August 1956, the Sudanese government authorities maintained the closure of the girls’ schools, irrespective of whether government or missionary, for the following four to five years. The impact has been the severe retardation of girls’ education for almost a generation. Tradition and tribal customs regarding gender equity are still very strong and dominant in everyday life. Consequently, traditional male stereotypes also dominate within almost all higher education institutions, including the Ministry of Higher Education (MoHEST) itself. This research is in fact the first time an effort is being made to investigate the participation of women in HE and in leadership positions in universities and other tertiary institutions. This explains the very limited response to the questions sent out to the institutions outside Juba. Today, however, a good start has been made in advancing girls’ education in general.In Uganda, under similar circumstances, women do not have good access to higher level jobs, positions, voice and wealth like men. The low representation of women in leadership positions in higher education institutions in the country can be traced back to the late start in women’s enrollment in modern schooling due to a number of factors. Global citizenship curriculum in higher education: evolving policy and practice and a future research agenda; proceedings of a symposium held on 9-10 December 2013 in Hong Kong Année de publication: 2013 Auteur institutionnel: Bath Spa University | General Education Centre (Hong Kong) | Polytechnic University This symposium was an outgrowth of a UK Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) funded International Networking Project. A collaboration between academics in the United Kingdom/Europe, North America, and Asia, this project responds to the fact that there is an increasing interest in understanding how universities can educate students to become more engaged and globally-minded citizens. The premise is that higher education should contribute to the public good by training more global citizens with cultural awareness, a strong sense of civic responsibility and skills to participate in a knowledge-based global economy. The following report documents the symposium proceedings, summarises the presentations and provides key insights drawn from presentations. Comments made by individuals are paraphrased and/or synthesized. Programme de Citoyenneté Mondiale dans l'enseignement supérieur: la politique et la pratique en évolution et un futur programme de recherche; actes d'un colloque tenu les 9-10 Décembre 2013 à Hong Kong Année de publication: 2013 Auteur institutionnel: Bath Spa University | General Education Centre (Hong Kong) | Polytechnic University Ce symposium était une excroissance du Conseil de la recherche économique et sociale du Royaume-Uni (en. ESRC) financé Projet international de réseautage. Une collaboration entre les universitaires au Royaume-Uni / Europe, Amérique du Nord, et en Asie, ce projet répond au fait qu'il ya un intérêt croissant pour comprendre comment les universités peuvent éduquer les élèves à devenir des citoyens plus engagés et ouverts sur le monde. La prémisse est que l'enseignement supérieur doit contribuer au bien public par la formation des citoyens plus globales avec la conscience culturelle, un fort sentiment de responsabilité et les compétences civiques de participer à une économie mondiale fondée sur le savoir. Le rapport suivant documente les actes du colloque, résume les présentations et fournit des informations clés tirées des présentations. Commentaires formulés par les individus sont paraphrasés et / ou synthétisés. 
The 1994 Genocide as Taught in Rwanda’s Classrooms Année de publication: 2017 This blog looks at how textbook and curricula reforms in Rwanda have worked to cover the 1994 Genocide and instill the ideals of tolerance, unity and reconciliation in students. It is part of a series of blogs on this site published to encourage debates around a new GEM Report Policy Paper: Between the Lines, which looks at the content of textbooks and how it reflects some of the key concepts in Target 4.7 in the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).by Jean-Damascene Gasanabo, PhD, Director-General, Research and Documentation Center on Genocide, National Commission for the Fight against Genocide (CNLG), Kigali, Rwanda. The 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi saw the slaughter of more than one million people over the span of three months, and placed Rwanda at the forefront of the world’s political consciousness. Almost 23 years later, Rwanda has rebuilt and become a modern hub of progress and development, putting in place social, political and economic systems that are grounded in national unity and reconciliation – with education reforms playing a central role.The large-scale participation of children and adolescents in perpetrating acts of genocide made it clear that an education system that fails to integrate basic human values, will also inevitably fail the nation. Education was used prior to the Genocide to inculcate fear, intolerance and hatred; and so too is it being utilized by the current Government to foster peace and inclusivity, and combat genocide ideology. Post-genocide Rwanda has used education as a main tool to correct biased perceptions of its socio-political history, and to provide accurate representations of the root causes of the genocide, and preventative measures.With over 60% of Rwandans under the age of 24, the formal education system needs to instill the ideals of tolerance, unity and reconciliation in the next generation. With this realization, the Rwanda Education Board and the Ministry of Education have integrated genocide studies in the curricula of its primary, secondary and higher education institutions so that they are better able to lead a nation that is cognizant of its past. Instead of highlighting difference, the national curriculum of post-genocide Rwanda has been reconfigured to emphasize the politics of inclusion and to encourage a spirit of critical thinking that pursues peace, social cohesion and harmony above all else.Prior to the Genocide, educational resources were used as a tool by the genocidal regime to promote ethnic division, discrimination and propaganda. The biased curricula and teaching methods cemented ethnic segregation within classrooms and fostered genocide ideology. The students who were not expelled from primary and secondary school due to the ethnic and regional quota system were forced to identify themselves as being Tutsi – inherently separate to those who were Hutu or Twa. The pre-1994 curriculum lacked “the essentials of human emotion, attitudes, values and skills” as it continued to promote discriminatory and divisive ideologies that were “imparted through formalized rote learning in history, civic education, religious and moral education and languages.”Post-Genocide Rwanda faced the herculean task of rebuilding its dismantled institutions. With a profound lack of qualified teachers, a huge pool of orphaned children, insufficient funds and inaccurate textbooks following the genocide, many education challenges lay ahead. In early 1995, a moratorium was placed on history textbooks which disseminated biased information, as the country grappled with how and to what extent the nation’s past could be incorporated constructively in the education system, without causing pain or resurfacing conflicts.Rwanda chose a gradual, yet comprehensive, approach. In the years immediately following the Genocide, the history curriculum lightly touched on the subject so as to protect students from their recent past, and prevent division in classrooms based on differing family experiences. Classrooms promoted knowledge based on the essential ideas of unity, peace, tolerance and justice. In 2008 the National Curriculum Development Centre within the Ministry of Education published the new history curriculum which incorporated the Genocide against the Tutsi, coinciding with the renewed emphasis on the unifying and inclusive qualities of nationality, citizenship and patriotism, instead of ethnicity.The current national curriculum was formulated by the Rwanda Education Board in conjunction with varying public institutions, UN agencies and nongovernmental organizations. It incorporates the Genocide into the curriculum of every grade level, and discusses it in various contexts suited to the student’s particular stage in learning. Eyewitness accounts and the presence of elders in the classroom allow for a “multi-generational opportunity” for learning. In understanding how violent conflict erupts in society, it is possible to prevent future atrocities from beginning. Teaching the Genocide in present-day Rwanda aims to provide a more nuanced understanding of the event by using primary sources, encouraging class discussions on genocide denial, the persistence of genocide ideology, and the reconciliation efforts embarked on after the Genocide.Moreover, this change in the curriculum has been supplemented by a shift to transform learning from one based on standard rote memorization to one that encourages discussion and a spirit of critical thinking and analysis. This approach identifies the student as an active participant in the learning experience, not merely a silent recipient of history as “evangelical speech.” By promoting an environment that encourages spirited, objective discussions, the Ministry of Education seeks to redress the biases taught by the genocidal regime, as well as prepare young people to thoughtfully and constructively enter the workforce.Genocide education nevertheless faces some challenges ahead. With genocide denial still present, not only are ongoing revisions of educational resources required, but teacher training is also necessary to ensure that revisions to the curriculum are well presented by teachers.The way conflict and genocide has been taught through textbooks in Rwanda has evolved over time. For Rwandans, learning about the 1994 Genocide is not only vital in understanding the history of their country, but also in developing critical thinking skills that help young people become informed citizens in today’s globalized society. Peace education, as well as tools for conflict resolution and genocide prevention, are now heavily featured. Indeed the initiatives embarked on by the education sector signal a promising start to the continuous pursuit of truth through knowledge of the past.In comprehensively integrating the study of genocide into the national curriculum and by empowering students to become agents of their own learning process, Rwanda offers an ambitious recipe for successfully teaching one’s own history for the better.