Ressources
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Building Cross-Sectoral Cooperation: Estonian Coalition for Sustainable Development Année de publication: 2020 Auteur institutionnel: Estonian Roundtable for Development Cooperation (AKÜ) | Bridge 47 | European Union (EU) This publication presents the members of Estonian Coalition for Sustainable Development, examples of their actions towards a more sustainable future and also some of the activities that the partnerships together have carried over the past few years. It is a great example of a cross-sectoral cooperation and a way of sharing knowledge. 
Thoughts on Global Citizenship (Universal) Année de publication: 2017 Auteur: Nahla Abu Aliwa Auteur institutionnel: Arab Council for Childhood and Development (ACCD) This article addresses global citizenship as one of the hot topics the world currently. The researcher highlighted the difference between global citizenship and traditional citizenship. He also touched upon the concept of multiculturalism and its importance in this multicultural world. Emphasis was placed on the Education for Global Citizenship initiative proposed by UNESCO. 
Fighting racism and discrimination: identifying and sharing good practices in the International Coalition of Cities Année de publication: 2012 Auteur institutionnel: UNESCO Since the establishment of the International Coalition, UNESCO has headed the regional scientific committees. In this role, UNESCO receives reports from cities in fulfilment of formal or informal requirements of their membership. These reports showcase the efforts of cities showcase the efforts of cities in addressing the Ten Point Plan of commitments for their respective region. UNESCO undertakes its efforts based on the information provided by the city in its report. First, it provides feedback to the cities on their efforts. The report identifies promising practices and highlights areas where additional work can be undertaken. Second, the reports from cities provide information that can be used for a variety of purposes including the publication of this report of good practices in anti-discrimination. The contents of this report reflect the information shared by Member Cities and as current Member Cities become increasingly active and new ones join the Coalition, the collection of good practices will undoubtedly expand.The purpose of this good practices report is two-fold. First, it draws together a collection of good practices in anti-discrimination of Member Cities so that they can inspire and inform the policies and practices of other cities. Second, the report uses major themes related to the different roles and domains of cities to inform and indeed, encourage critical reflection on anti-discrimination work in these areas. Several key objectives underlie the report:• Reflect on the different roles and capacities of cities and provide a framework to understand and assess their policies and practices;• Present, in one publication, examples of a wide variety of good practices; Provide a useful resource on anti-discrimination for stakeholders including city staff and representatives, community organisations, researchers, as well as interested individuals and groups; • Contribute to the successful networking of cities underway through the coalition;• Highlight the fact that even if there are challenges to engaging in anti-discrimination work, and that city representatives may feel limited, there are multiple actions that they can undertake. 
Un Lexique du racisme: étude sur les définitions opérationnelles relatives au racisme et aux phénomènes connexes Année de publication: 2006 Auteur: Micheline Labelle Auteur institutionnel: UNESCO | Centre de recherche sur l'immigration, l'ethnicité et la citoyenneté (Canada). Observatoire international sur le racisme et les discriminations Qu'est-ce que la « race »? Qu'est-ce que le racisme? Le racisme est-il universel et existet-il de toute éternité? Comment distinguer racisme, ethnocentrisme et xénophobie? Quelles sont les manifestations ou les formes élémentaires du racisme? Quels sont ses niveaux? Quelles sont ses logiques discursives? On observe dans diverses sociétés contemporaines l’expression du racisme et de l’ethnisme. Le déplacement sournois du racisme classique au néo-racisme pose différents types de problèmes pour l'analyse sociologique et politique et l’intervention sociale. L’une de ces difficultés concerne les critères de définition du racisme : le racisme existe-t-il seulement lorsque le mot « race » est présent? Est-il légitime de qualifier de racisme les préjugés et les discriminations contre les jeunes, les personnes âgées, les femmes, les homosexuels, les patrons, les policiers? Y a-t-il lieu de référer à des « racismes spécifiques » dans ses manifestations, soit un racisme qui touche des groupes cibles particuliers : Autochtones, Afrodescendants, Juifs, Arabes, etc.? Comment éviter une hiérarchisation des expressions du racisme et des cibles du racisme, tout en rendant compte de leur spécificité? Enfin, s’ajoute la question de la spécificité des sociétés (allemande, américaine, française, guadeloupéenne, japonaise, rwandaise, sud-africaine, etc.) qui fournissent le contexte politique et le répertoire culturel à partir desquels s'alimentent les expressions du racisme et de l'antiracisme. Il n’existe dans le système des Nations Unies définition du racisme. Dans son article 1, la Convention pour l’élimination du racisme et de la discrimination raciale (CERD) se limite à définir la seule discrimination raciale, qu’elle fonde sur « la race, la couleur, l’ascendance ou l’origine nationale ou ethnique ». Cette vision très large aboutit sur le plan opérationnel à faire du racisme une sorte de fourre-tout où se retrouve tout ce qui a « pour but ou pour effet de détruire ou de compromettre la reconnaissance, la jouissance ou l’exercice, dans des conditions d’égalité, des droits de l’homme et des libertés fondamentales dans les domaines politique, économique, social et culturel ou dans tout autre domaine de la vie publique ». Les instruments internationaux et nationaux recourent largement à la notion de « race » pour combattre le racisme et par le fait même, ils contribuent à la reproduction des représentations qui y sont associées. Les cibles du racisme sont souvent confondues dans une même totalité. Les préjugés ne sont pas distingués des pratiques sociales. Sous couvert d’analyser le néo-racisme, on oublie que les représentations liées au racisme « colonial » perdurent dans nos sociétés. La « gestion de la diversité » est confondue avec la lutte contre le racisme.De tout ce flou, il résulte une confusion terminologique dans les concepts lorsqu’on regarde le terrain opérationnel où la lutte contre le racisme, la xénophobie, la discrimination et toutes les formes d’intolérance se trouve unifiée. Des campagnes de prévention contre le racisme confondent les cibles du racisme et celles de l’ethnocentrisme ou de la xénophobie. Ceci a un impact sur l’efficacité de la lutte contre le racisme et contre les racismes que l’on peut qualifier de spécifiques ─ anti autochtone, anti afro-descendant, antisémitisme, arabophobie, islamophobie, etc. ─, soit ceux qui se sont manifestés historiquement et à un niveau ultime, sous la forme d’une biopolitique de haine et de violence et du racisme d’État (Le Cour Grandmaison, 2005, p.128). Étant donné ce manque de clarté conceptuel, il apparaît important de réfléchir sur les définitions du racisme et de la discrimination et sur les termes utilisés pour les combattre. La première partie propose d’entrée de jeu un commentaire critique sur la notion de « race » et distingue ensuite les fonctions, les manifestations, les niveaux et les logiques du racisme. La seconde partie contient un glossaire des termes adoptés par les experts des sciences humaines et juridiques, les institutions internationales et nationales, de même que par certains organismes de combat, dans le domaine du racisme et de la discrimination. Plusieurs de ces définitions font problème, on le constatera par comparaison. Nous illustrons ainsi la difficulté que pose la présentation d’une définition extraite ou séparée de son contexte et d’un cadre théorique sur l’interprétation du racisme que les limites de cette étude ne nous permettent pas d’analyser et de mettre en relief. Cette étude s’inscrit dans le cadre de l’action de l’UNESCO pour promouvoir le renforcement des politiques contre le racisme et la discrimination dans les villes et les municipalités. L’UNESCO a appuyé la mise sur pied de la Coalition internationale des villes contre le racisme. Le cadre de départ de cette Coalition est la proposition d’un Plan d’action en 10 points, adopté à Nuremberg, en décembre 2004 (UNESCO, 2004). 
الديمقراطية: أسئلة وأجوبة Année de publication: 2009 Auteur: David Beetham | Kevin Boyle Auteur institutionnel: UNESCO Humorously illustrated by Plantu, the famous cartoonist of the French newspaper Le Monde, this book is a valuable tool for all those who want to know more about democracy and human rights, whether it be students, activists, civil servants, or simply as interested citizens. What is democracy? What is the relation between democracy and individual rights? Is majority rule always democratic? How can democracy be maintained and improved? This book tackles these and other questions about democracy, covering six broad areas: basic concepts and principles; free and fair elections; open and accountable government; individual rights and their defence; democratic or civil society; the future of democracy. Introducing democracy: 80 questions and answers Année de publication: 2009 Auteur: David Beetham | Kevin Boyle Auteur institutionnel: UNESCO Humorously illustrated by Plantu, the famous cartoonist of the French newspaper Le Monde, this book is a valuable tool for all those who want to know more about democracy and human rights, whether it be students, activists, civil servants, or simply as interested citizens. What is democracy? What is the relation between democracy and individual rights? Is majority rule always democratic? How can democracy be maintained and improved? This book tackles these and other questions about democracy, covering six broad areas: basic concepts and principles; free and fair elections; open and accountable government; individual rights and their defence; democratic or civil society; the future of democracy. Démocratie: questions et réponses Année de publication: 2009 Auteur: David Beetham | Kevin Boyle Auteur institutionnel: UNESCO Humorously illustrated by Plantu, the famous cartoonist of the French newspaper Le Monde, this book is a valuable tool for all those who want to know more about democracy and human rights, whether it be students, activists, civil servants, or simply as interested citizens. What is democracy? What is the relation between democracy and individual rights? Is majority rule always democratic? How can democracy be maintained and improved? This book tackles these and other questions about democracy, covering six broad areas: basic concepts and principles; free and fair elections; open and accountable government; individual rights and their defence; democratic or civil society; the future of democracy. 
The Comparison of Research Trends on Global Citizenship Education, Democratic Civic Education, and Civic Education Using Text Mining Techniques (Journal of Education & Culture; Vol. 25, No. 6) Année de publication: 2019 Auteur: Kyunghee Park Auteur institutionnel: Education Research Institute of Inha University The purpose of this study is to compare the research trends of global citizenship education(GCED), democratic civic education(DCED), and civic education(CIED). For this purpose, it was analysed into abstracts of 403 articles, extracted 3,932 key-words through text mining analysis. The results of the study are as follows. First, GCED emphasized global competence and international understanding centering on cultural diversity. DCED was d iscussed mainly on the problems of national politics, and the unification issues on the democracy. CIED emphasized participation and practice in the national and cultural context. Second, with regard to the changes of orientation, GCED has changed to explore the practical education design. And DCED and CIED have changed to deal with various issues and contents. Based on these results, implications of this study were discussed for civic educations reflected future learner's diversity and personality. 
A Comparative Analysis on Content Elements of Global Citizenship Education in 2009 and 2015 Revised Middle School Social Studies Curriculum (Education Research; Vol. 74) Année de publication: 2019 Auteur: Kyunghee Sung | Soyeon Lee Auteur institutionnel: Sungshin Women's University Educational Research Institute This study is a follow-up study of the 2017 research which analyzed content elements of global citizenship education in elementary school Social Studies. Based on the global citizenship education index, the content elements of are analyzed in the 2009 and 2015 revised middle school Social Studies curriculum, and then it was compared to the results of previous research in elementary school. As a result, it can be found that the content elements of global citizenship education in the middle school Social Studies are not increased or strengthened. In terms of 'strong connection', there was almost no change in the proportion of the cognitive domain and the socio-emotional domain, but rather it decreased in the behavioral domain. Compared with the results of elementary school, it is appeared that elementary school showed a larger increase than the middle school in the proportion of content elements depending on the change of curriculum. Through this, it can be confirmed that the global citizenship education was strengthened in elementary school in the 2015 revised Social Studies curriculum. At the time of next curriculum revision, it will be necessary to consider adding and revising the content elements related to global citizenship education to meet the needs of international community. 2009 개정과 2015 개정 중학교 ‘사회’ 교육과정에 나타난 세계시민교육 내용요소 비교 분석 (교육연구; Vol. 74) Année de publication: 2019 Auteur: Kyunghee Sung | Soyeon Lee Auteur institutionnel: Sungshin Women's University Educational Research Institute 본 연구는 초등학교 ‘사회’ 교육과정의 세계시민교육 내용요소를 분석한2017년 연구의 후속 연구로, 세계시민교육 지표에 근거하여 2009 개정 및 2015 개정중학교 ‘사회’ 교육과정에 나타난 내용요소를 분석하고, 나아가 이전의 초등학교 연구결과와도 비교⋅분석을 수행하였다. 분석 결과, 2009 개정 대비 2015 개정의 중학교‘사회’에서 세계시민교육 내용요소의 비중이 증가하거나 강화되는 모습을 발견할 수없었다. 강한 관련성을 중심으로 영역별로 살펴보면, 인지 영역과 사회⋅정서적 영역의비중 변화는 거의 없었으며, 행동적 영역에서는 오히려 감소하였다. 초등학교 ‘사회’ 분석 결과와 비교하면, 교육과정 변화에 따른 내용요소 비중의 증가 폭과 내용 심화가중학교급보다 초등학교급이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 이를 통해 2015 개정 교육과정에서는 초등학교급에서 세계시민교육이 강화되었음을 확인할 수 있었다. 향후 세계시민교육 차원에서 중학교 ‘사회’가 시대의 흐름 및 국제사회의 요구에 부응할 수 있도록차기 교육과정 개편 시 내용요소 추가 및 수정이 고려될 필요가 있을 것이다.