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The Journey Towards Comprehensive Sexuality Education: Global Status Report Année de publication: 2021 Auteur institutionnel: UNESCO | Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) | United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) | United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) | United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN Women) | World Health Organization (WHO) Comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) is central to children and young people’s well-being, equipping them with the knowledge and skills they need to make healthy and responsible choices in their lives. This report draws on multiple data sources to provide analysis of countries’ progress towards delivering good quality school-based CSE to all learners. 85 per cent of 155 countries surveyed have policies or laws relating to sexuality education, with considerably more countries reporting policies to mandate delivery at secondary education level than at primary level. However, the existence of policy and legal frameworks do not always equate to comprehensive content or strong implementation. Most countries report that they have some curricula in place but more detailed analysis suggests that it often lacks the breadth of topics needed to make sexuality education effective and relevant. Moreover, while efforts to scale-up teacher training are evident in a range of settings, research with teachers shows that many feel they lack confidence to deliver sexuality education. Surveys show that students frequently feel that they received information too late and would have preferred sexuality education to have started earlier in their schooling. There is evidence of opposition to CSE across a range of settings, often reflecting misinformation about the content, purpose or impact of such education. However, in many countries involvement of communities, including parents, school officials, religious leaders, media and young people themselves, has created a favourable environment for CSE. Recommendations to countries in this report include:Clear mandates and budgets to ensure implementation of policies and programmes that support the availability of good quality comprehensive sexuality education for all learners.Invest in quality curriculum reform and teacher training.Strengthen monitoring of the implementation of CSE. 
Global Education Monitoring Report 2021/2: Non-state Actors in Education; Who Chooses? Who Loses? Année de publication: 2021 Auteur institutionnel: UNESCO Non-state actors’ role extends beyond provision of schooling to interventions at various education levels and influence spheres. Alongside its review of progress towards SDG 4, including emerging evidence on the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact, the 2021/2 Global Education Monitoring Report urges governments to see all institutions, students and teachers as part of a single system. Standards, information, incentives and accountability should help governments protect, respect and fulfill the right to education of all, without turning their eyes away from privilege or exploitation. Publicly funded education does not have to be publicly provided but disparity in education processes, student outcomes and teacher working conditions must be addressed. Efficiency and innovation, rather than being commercial secrets, should be diffused and practiced by all. To that end, transparency and integrity in the public education policy process need to be maintained to block vested interests. The report’s rallying call – Who chooses? Who loses? – invites policymakers to question relationships with non-state actors in terms of fundamental choices: between equity and freedom of choice; between encouraging initiative and setting standards; between groups of varying means and needs; between immediate commitments under SDG 4 and those to be progressively realized (e.g. post-secondary education); and between education and other social sectors. 全球教育监测报告摘要, 2021/2年: 教育领域的非国家行为体：谁能主动选择？谁将错失机会？ Année de publication: 2021 Auteur institutionnel: 联合国教科文组织 (UNESCO) 本文件是2021/2022年全球教育检测报告的摘要，主要聚焦教育领域的非国家行为体，包括私人办学、宗教办学等力量，并探讨了与非国家行为体对教育的影响与存在问题。 
Knowledge-Driven Actions: Transforming Higher Education for Global Sustainability; Independent Expert Group on the Universities and the 2030 Agenda Année de publication: 2022 Auteur: Adrian Parr | Agnes Binagwaho | Andy Stirling | Anna Davies | Cheikh Mbow | Dag Olav Hessen | Helena Bonciani Nader | Jamil Salmi | Melody Brown Burkins | Seeram Ramakrishna | Sol Serrano | Sylvia Schmelkes | Tong Shijun | Tristan McCowan Auteur institutionnel: UNESCO With 2030 less than a decade away, it is paramount to think critically and act urgently if we are to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals.Higher education institutions are uniquely positioned to contribute to the social, economic and environmental transformations that are required to tackle the world’s most pressing issues.This report thoroughly discusses the role of higher education institutions in contributing to the 2030 Agenda, through a focus on three interrelated themes: the need to move towards inter- and transdisciplinary modes of producing and circulating knowledge; the imperative of becoming open institutions, fostering epistemic dialogue and integrating diverse ways of knowing; and the demand for a stronger presence in society through proactive engagement and partnering with other societal actors. The report directs attention to the systemic barriers that have inhibited transformations in these three areas so far, and provides advice and examples on how to achieve this. The report calls on higher education leaders and actors to push for transformations within their institutions, using the report’s recommendations to critically reflect and act on their role for achieving the 2030 Agenda. 
Global Education Monitoring Report 2022: Gender Report; Deepening the Debate on Those Still Left Behind Année de publication: 2022 Auteur institutionnel: Global Education Monitoring Report Team | UNESCO The 2022 Gender Report presents fresh insights on progress towards gender parity in education with respect to access, attainment and learning. It showcases the results of new models that provide coherent estimates, combining multiple sources of information, on out-of-school and completion rates. It also reviews the results of learning assessments released over the past 18 months, which present an almost global picture of the gender gap in reading, mathematics and science achievement in lower and upper primary and lower secondary grades. They provide a baseline against which to assess the impact of COVID-19 on inequality when post-pandemic data start being released next year.A companion to the 2021/2 GEM Report, it emphasizes the role of non-state actors in influencing gender inequality in and through education. Non-state actors have filled in provision gaps left by the public education system. The 2022 Gender Report presents evidence on gender gaps in the share of students enrolled in private institutions by sex and what drives these gaps in the various regions. It also provides case studies on the privatization of childcare in high-income countries, the impact of non-state faith-based schools in Asia on gender norms and the role of women’s universities around the world.Some non-state actors have pushed the gender equality agenda forward, while others have undermined progress in order to maintain the status quo. Some have been at the front line for girls’ education in emergencies. Some have lobbied against comprehensive sexuality education. Some champion inclusion of marginalized girls, while others maintain discriminatory gender norms. Depending on the context, it is important not to make assumptions but to look carefully at the data and work together to eliminate all forces that prevent anyone on the basis of gender from fulfilling their potential through education. 
COVID-19 Learning Losses: Rebuilding Quality Learning for All in the Middle East and North Africa Année de publication: 2021 Auteur: Hana Yoshimoto | Jeannette Vogelaar | Brenda Haiplik Auteur institutionnel: UNESCO | United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) | World Bank An entire generation of children in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is estimated to be affected by the education crisis determined by the COVID-19 pandemic, with potential impacts that are going beyond the immediate/short term and also well beyond the education domain itself, with consequences on children’s socialisation, mental well-being, and future perspective of being active members of their society, including in the labor market. More information on the impact of the crisis would help countries to put in place strategies to mitigate the impacts. Timely investment and action to prevent extreme impacts of this crisis on education are of paramount importance in MENA, which already tackling a learning crisis before the COVID-19 outbreak.This publication delineates the overall education status in MENA after the breakout of COVID-19 pandemic, by presenting the education responses in MENA, and assessing the potential learning loss through a simulation analysis, recommendations are provided on how to build back better and enhance access and quality learning for all. 
Climate Change and Sustainability in Science and Social Science Secondary School Curricula Année de publication: 2024 Auteur: Marcia McKenzie | Aaron Benavot Auteur institutionnel: UNESCO There is an urgent need to transform the way climate change and sustainability are taught in classrooms and at schools. Learners must grasp the environmental impacts of climate change, how climate change relates to their own context and what actions can be undertaken and contribute to making societies more sustainable, equitable, just and climate-resilient. The findings presented in this publication indicate that accelerated efforts are needed. In a study of over 530 Grade 9 science and social science curricula from 85 countries worldwide, we found that 69 per cent of curricula contained no references to climate change, while 66 per cent had no references to sustainability. Furthermore, while 69 per cent of surveyed teachers from eight of the countries studied reported that environment, sustainability and climate change topics were included in the science and social science curricula in their schools only 50 per cent included them in their teaching. While there is a notable inclusion of environment, sustainability and climate change in science and social science curricula across countries, the depth of focus of this inclusion varies widely. Cognitive learning prevails over social and emotional or action-oriented learning. Climate change and sustainability in school practices must be strengthened, with teachers playing a key role in enhancing integration through teaching methods and materials. 
The Water, Energy, and Food Security Nexus in Asia and the Pacific: The Pacific Année de publication: 2024 Auteur institutionnel: UNESCO | UNESCO Bangkok | UNESCO Jakarta Global climate targets and the call to action from the Pacific must be heeded while major environmental, societal and economical progress is needed in the region. Leadership from Pacific Island Countries and Territories needs to be supported with action and resourcing to meet both global net zero goals and regional SDGs. This volume applies the water, energy, and food security nexus approach solely in a Pacific context for the first time, bringing together the region’s 17 countries and 7 Territories. This approach improves the security of each sector and supports regional climate and environmental priorities. Effective intersectoral solutions exist with connectivity between the water-food and water-energy sectors of particular benefit. Traditional knowledge and crop production have historically and will continue to play a major role in food security and water resources management in the region. Increased energy demand needs to be met with increased renewables installation as well as new technologies that encompass storage and transport considerations. 
Enhancing Youth Participation in Urban Governance through City Youth Councils Année de publication: 2023 Auteur institutionnel: UNESCO City youth councils offer a formalized arrangement for continuous dialogue with policymakers. They have played a key role in fostering the next generation of leaders and encouraging youth to be contributors and agents to social change and dialogue. UNESCO is publishing this report to ensure that the actions and solutions proposed by youth can be applied and scaled up worldwide. It encourages local governments to create spaces for youth to participate actively and genuinely in decision-making processes. 
AI and the Holocaust: Rewriting History?; The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Understanding the Holocaust Année de publication: 2024 Auteur: Mykola Makhortykh | Heather Mann Auteur institutionnel: UNESCO The threats associated with AI on safeguarding the record of the Holocaust are manifold, including the potential for manipulation by malicious actors, the introduction of falsehoods or dissemination of biased information, and the gradual erosion of public trust in authentic records. This paper provides a warning of what is at stake for the preservation of historical truth in a digital era increasingly mediated by AI. It highlights five major concerns:1. AI automated content may invent facts about the Holocaust2. Falsifying historical evidence: Deepfake Technology3. AI models can be manipulated to spread hate speech4. Algorithmic bias can spread Holocaust denial5. Oversimplifying history While there are some benefits to be gained, such as enhanced engagement and interaction opportunities for learners, as well as more efficient data processing capabilities for researchers, to navigate these challenges and capitalize on the benefits, it’s essential for AI designers, policymakers, educators, and researchers to collaborate closely. Only AI systems equipped with robust safeguards and human rights assessments, coupled with an increased focus on developing digital literacy skills, can uphold the integrity of historical truth and ensure the responsible use of artificial intelligence.