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์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ต์œก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋„“ํžˆ๊ณ  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ, ์˜นํ˜ธ ํ™œ๋™, ๊ต์ˆ˜, ํ•™์Šต ๋“ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.

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25 ๊ฑด์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

โ€˜๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•โ€™ ์‹คํ–‰ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ ๋ฐœํ–‰ ์—ฐ๋„: 2014 ๋‹จ์ฒด ์ €์ž: UNESCO โ€˜๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•(Teaching Respect for All)โ€™์€ ๊ต์œก์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ ๊ทผ์ ˆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ 2012๋…„ 1์›”์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ์œ ๋„ค์Šค์ฝ” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ-๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ ํ•ฉ์ž‘ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์ด๋‹ค.  ์ฐจ๋ณ„์ด ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ์š”์ฆ˜, โ€˜๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•โ€™์€ ์ธ์ข…, ์„ฑ๋ณ„, ๊ณ„๊ธ‰, ์„ฑ์  ์„ฑํ–ฅ, ๊ตญ๊ฐ€, ๋ฏผ์กฑ ๋˜๋Š” ์ข…๊ต์  ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ์ƒํ˜ธ ๊ด€์šฉ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ํ† ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ฐจ๋ณ„๊ณผ ํญ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ต์œก์  ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๊ณ ์ทจ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค. โ€˜๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•โ€™์€ 8~16์„ธ ํ•™์Šต์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์‹ ๋ฐ ์•ฝ์‹ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํฌ์ปค์Šค๋ฅผ ๋งž์ถฐ, ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ, ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์„ฑ, ๋น„ํŒ์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์™€ ์ดํ•ด์‹ฌ, ์˜์‹๊ณผ ์ง€์‹์„ ํ‚ค์›Œ์ฃผ๋ฉฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ์˜ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ ์ค‘๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ์กด๊ฒฝ์‹ฌ์„ ํ‚ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ตญ์ด ๊ต์œก ์ฐจ๋ณ„ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž์ฒด์  ์—ญ์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ์†Œ์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ธ๊ถŒ์˜ ๋ณดํŽธ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜์™€ ๊ทธ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์›์น™์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ๋ฐœ์ „๊ต์œก๊ณผ ๊ตญ์ œ์ดํ•ด๊ต์œก์˜ ํ†ตํ•ฉ: ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ต์‚ฌ ๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์  ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ๊ต์œกํ•™์  ์›์น™ ๋ฐœํ–‰ ์—ฐ๋„: 2006 ์ €์ž: Swee-Hin Toh ๋‹จ์ฒด ์ €์ž: UNESCO Bangkok ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ESD(์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ๋ฐœ์ „ ํ˜น์€ ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ต์œก)์™€ EIU(๊ตญ์ œ์ดํ•ด๊ต์œก)์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ต์œก ํ˜์‹ ๊ณผ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”, ์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ™•์žฅ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ํ™œ๋™์„ โ€˜ํ†ตํ•ฉโ€™ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์•„์šธ๋Ÿฌ ์ด ๋‘ ์šด๋™์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ฐœ๋…์  ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ๋˜๊ณ , ๊ณต์œ ๋œ ๊ฐ€์น˜์™€ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ‰ํ™”๋กญ๊ณ  ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์งˆ์„œ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ, ESD์™€ EIU๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ณตํ†ต ๊ต์ˆ˜๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๊ณผ์ •์— ๊ทธ ์„ฑํŒจ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ž…๋ฌธ์ฃผ์˜ ์‚ฌํ•ญ(introductory caveat), ์ฆ‰ ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์ •์ฑ… ์ž…์•ˆ์ž, ์ด๋ก ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ์‹ค๋ฌด์ž ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ๊ด€ํ–‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์  ํ•จ์˜์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„ ํ•ด์„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐœ๋…ํ™”์˜ ๋šœ๋ ทํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ด ์ข…์ข… ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. EIU Best Practice Series No.8: Integrating international human rights standards into school curriculum, textbooks, teachers' guides and school climate in Cambodia ๋ฐœํ–‰ ์—ฐ๋„: 2007 ์ €์ž: Seungmi Lee | Hyewon Jung ๋‹จ์ฒด ์ €์ž: APCEIU It goes without saying that the aftermath of the war brings various challenges such as poverty, displacement, disability, destroyed culture, etc. and it is of critical importance that it should be well-remedied to preclude its recurrence. In this regard, value education and human rights education are considered crucial and to my mind, so is the educational role that religion can play. Although religions have harmonized the impaired society, but generally they have not been appreciated by their ignorant disciples or followers. Thus, value education is considered to be able to play a crucial role. It is in this context that human rihts education is gaining currency in Cambodia in recent years and has been implemented gradually. ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๊ต์œก ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ ๋ฐœํ–‰ ์—ฐ๋„: 2009 ๋‹จ์ฒด ์ €์ž: Global Education Network of Young Europeans (GLEN) ๋ณธ ๋ฌธ์„œ๋Š” ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๊ต์œก์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœ, ๊ณ„ํš ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹ค์งˆ์  ์ง€์› ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ ์ž‘์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ GLEN ๋ฉค๋ฒ„์™€ ์˜ ์œ ๋กœํ”ผ์–ธ์˜ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๊ต์œก ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๊ต์œก์ž๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ GLEN ๋‚ด๋ถ€์™€ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๊ต์œก ์‹ค๋ฌด์ž ๋ฐ ํ•™๊ณ„ ์–‘์ธก์—์„œ ์ง€๋‚œ 5๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ด๋ค„์กŒ๋˜ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋…ผ์˜์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋…ผ์˜์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ 2008๋…„ 11์›” GLEN ๋„คํฌ์›Œํฌ 5์ฃผ๋…„์— ์ฆˆ์Œํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ์ง๋œ 5์ผ๊ฐ„์˜ ์„ธ๋ฏธ๋‚˜- โ€˜์œ ๋Ÿฌํ”ผ์–ธ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋‚ (EGED)โ€™์—์„œ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. โ€˜์œ ๋Ÿฌํ”ผ์–ธ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋‚ (EGED)โ€™์€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ 15๊ฐœ ๊ตญ์—์„œ 70๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๊ต์œก ํ™œ๋™๊ฐ€, ์‹ค๋ฌด์ž ๋ฐ ํ•™๊ณ„ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋“ค์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ™œ๋™๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ์จ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๊ต์œก์˜ ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์ด๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ โ€˜์‹œ๋ฏผ์˜์‹โ€™ ํ˜น์€ โ€˜๊ฐœ๋ฐœโ€™์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๋„ ์ด์–ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ”๋‹ค. ์•„์šธ๋Ÿฌ, ํ–ฅํ›„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ์˜๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ๋„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„  ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„ํšํ•˜๊ณ  ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋“ค๋„ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ๋„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์ถ•์ ๋œ ์œ„๊ธฐ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์ƒํƒœ ์œ„๊ธฐ, ๊ธˆ์œต ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์œ„๊ธฐ, ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์œ„์— ๊ธฐ์•„, ๋นˆ๊ณค, ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑํ•œ ์ž์› ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ, ํญ๋ ฅ ์ถฉ๋Œ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค๋„ ์‚ฐ์ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•œ ์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋„์ „์€ ๊ทธ ์–ด๋А ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง„๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์–ด โ€˜์œ„๊ธฐโ€™๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” โ€˜๋ชฐ๋ฝโ€™์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ โ€˜๊ฒฐ์ •โ€™์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธ๋ฅ˜์™€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋” ์ •์˜๋กœ์šด ์ •์น˜์™€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ์ž์˜ ๋ชซ์„ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ํ‰ํ™”๋กญ๊ฒŒ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ด๊ณ , ๋” ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๊ต์œก์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด์„œ, ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„์ „์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ๋™์ธ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ํž˜์„ ์‹ค์–ด ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ •์‹ ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๋™๋ ฅ์ด ๋˜์–ด ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ „ํ™˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋„๋ก ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ƒํ˜ธ ๋ฌธํ™” ๊ฐ„ ๊ต์œก์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ํšŒ์˜ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ(2006๋…„ 3์›” 20~23์ผ, ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ) ๋ฐœํ–‰ ์—ฐ๋„: 2006 ๋‹จ์ฒด ์ €์ž: UNESCO ์ด ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ ํŒจ๋„์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ”„๋ฆฌ์  ํ…Œ์ด์…˜ ์š”์•ฝ, ์—ฐ์ด์€ ํ† ๋ก ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์œ ๋„ค์Šค์ฝ” ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ผ์ธ ์ดˆ์•ˆ ๋ฐ ์ƒํ˜ธ๋ฌธํ™” ๊ฐ„ ๊ต์œก์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜์™€ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์•„์šธ๋Ÿฌ, ์œ ๋„ค์Šค์ฝ” ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฌธํ™” ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ(UNESCO World Report on Cultural Diversity) ํ”„๋ฆฌ์  ํ…Œ์ด์…˜๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ํ† ๋ก ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์š”์•ฝ๋ณธ๋„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. 1974๋…„ 11์›” 19์ผ, ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ ์ œ 18์ฐจ ์ดํšŒ์—์„œ ์ฑ„ํƒ๋œ ์ธ๊ถŒ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์  ์ž์œ , ๊ตญ์ œ ์ดํ•ด์™€ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ํ‰ํ™”์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ต์œก์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ถŒ๊ณ ์•ˆ ๋ฐœํ–‰ ์—ฐ๋„: 1974 ๋‹จ์ฒด ์ €์ž: UNESCO ๋‹ค์Œ์€ 1974๋…„ 11์›” ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์—ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ฌ 23์ผ์— ํํšŒ๋œ, ์ œ 18์ฐจ ์œ ์—” ๊ต์œก, ๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ ๋ฌธํ™”, ๊ต์œก ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ ์ดํšŒ์—์„œ ์ •์‹ ์ฑ„ํƒ๋œ ๊ถŒ๊ณ ์•ˆ์˜ ์‹ค์ œ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ดํšŒ๋Š” ํšŒ์›๊ตญ์ด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ทœ์ •์„ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ถŒ๊ณ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ฒฐ์˜์•ˆ์— ๋ช…์‹œ๋œ ์›์น™์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ๋“ค ๋‚ด์—์„œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์‹ค์ œ ํ—Œ๋ฒ•์— ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ž…๋ฒ• ํ˜น์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ด๋–ค ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณธ ๊ถŒ๊ณ ์•ˆ์„ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ถŒ๊ณ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ด ๊ถŒ๊ณ ์•ˆ์€ โ€˜ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ, ๊ต์‚ฌโ€™ ํ˜‘ํšŒ์™€ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์ดํ•ด ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋“ค ์—ฐํ•ฉ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•™์ƒ๊ณผ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ์šด๋™ ๋‹จ์ฒด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์„ฑ์ธ ๋ฐ ์ Š์€์ด๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๊ต์œก ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์กฐ์ง, ํ•™๊ต ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ๊ณ ๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก, ํ•™๊ต ๋ฐ– ๊ต์œก์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฑ…์ž„ ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ถ€์„œ๋“ค์˜ ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์•„์šธ๋Ÿฌ ์œ ์—” ์ดํšŒ์—์„œ ๋ณธ ๊ถŒ๊ณ ์•ˆ์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ ํ˜•์‹๊ณผ ๊ทธ ๋‚ ์งœ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ฐ ๊ทธ ์กฐ์น˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ œ์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ถŒ๊ณผ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜, ํ‰ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ต์œก ํ™œ๋™ ์„ ์–ธ๊ณผ ํ†ตํ•ฉ ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์›Œํฌ ๋ฐœํ–‰ ์—ฐ๋„: 1995 ๋‹จ์ฒด ์ €์ž: UNESCO ๋ณธ ๋ฌธ์„œ๋Š” 1995๋…„ 11์›” ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ, ์ œ 28ํšŒ ์œ ๋„ค์Šค์ฝ” ์ดํšŒ์—์„œ ์Šน์ธ๋œ, ๊ต์œก์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ œ 44์ฐจ ๊ตญ์ œํšŒ์˜์„ ์–ธ ๋ฌธ์„œ์ด๋‹ค. (1994๋…„ 10์›”, ์ œ๋„ค๋ฐ”) 2014 ๋ฌด์Šค์นดํŠธ ํ˜‘์•ฝ, โ€˜๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ต์œก(EFA)โ€™์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ํšŒ์˜ ์ตœ์ข… ์„ ์–ธ๋ฌธ ๋ฐœํ–‰ ์—ฐ๋„: 2014 ๋‹จ์ฒด ์ €์ž: UNESCO ๋ณธ ์„ฑ๋ช…์„œ๋Š” 2014๋…„ 5์›” 12์ผ์—์„œ 14์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜ค๋งŒ(Oman)์˜ ๋ฌด์Šค์นดํŠธ(Muscat)์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์œ ๋„ค์Šค์ฝ” โ€˜๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ต์œก(์ดํ•˜ EFA)โ€™์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๊ต์œก ํšŒ์˜์—์„œ ์žฅ๊ด€, ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋‹จ, ๋‹ค์ž ๋ฐ ์–‘์ž๊ฐ„ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž, ์‹œ๋ฏผ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ฐ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์ˆ˜์„ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ์—ฌ ํ•ฉ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ํšŒ์˜์—์„  2012 ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๊ต์œกํ˜„ํ™ฉ(์ดํ•˜ GEM) ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ, 2013/14 โ€˜EFA ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง ํšŒ์˜ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œโ€™, ์ง€์—ญ EFA ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ, 2015๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ์ œ 37์ฐจ ์„ธ์…˜ ์œ ๋„ค์Šค์ฝ” ์ดํšŒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์˜์•ˆ, post-2015 ์œ ๋„ค์Šค์ฝ” ์šด์˜ ์œ„์›ํšŒ์˜ ๊ณต๋™ ์ œ์•ˆ ๋ฐ 194์ฐจ ์œ ๋„ค์Šค์ฝ” ์ง‘ํ–‰์œ„์›ํšŒ ๊ฒฐ์ • ํšŒ์˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ์˜์•ˆ์„ ์žฌ์ž‘์„ฑ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ต์œก: ํ•™์Šต ์ฃผ์ œ ๋ฐ ํ•™์Šต ๋ชฉํ‘œ ๋ฐœํ–‰ ์—ฐ๋„: 2015 ๋‹จ์ฒด ์ €์ž: UNESCO ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ต์œก์€ ํ•™์Šต์ž๋“ค์ด ๋” ํฌ์šฉ์ ์ด๊ณ , ์ •์˜๋กญ๊ณ , ํ‰ํ™”๋กœ์šด ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ด๋ฐ”์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ง€์‹, ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ, ๊ฐ€์น˜, ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ธธ๋Ÿฌ์คŒ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ณ€ํ˜์ ์ธ ๊ต์œก์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.์ด ์ฑ… ใ€Ž์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ต์œก : ํ•™์Šต ์ฃผ์ œ ๋ฐ ํ•™์Šต ๋ชฉํ‘œใ€๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ต์œก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์œ ๋„ค์Šค์ฝ”์˜ ์ฒซ ๊ต์ˆ˜ยทํ•™์Šต ์ง€์นจ์„œ์ด๋‹ค. ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์ง€์—ญ์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์‹ค์ œ ์—ฐ๋ น๋ณ„ ํ•™์Šต ์ฃผ์ œ ๋ฐ ํ•™์Šต ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์ฒดํ™”ํ•œ ์ œ์•ˆ์„ ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ต์œก์ž, ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ์ • ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž, ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์ž ๋ฐ ์ •์ฑ…์ž…์•ˆ์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ๋ณธ ์ง€์นจ์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌดํ˜•์‹ ๋ฐ ๋น„ํ˜•์‹ ๊ต์œกํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ต์œก ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ต์œก: ๊ต์œก์€ ์ „์ง€๊ตฌ์  ๊ณต๋™์žฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€? ๋ฐœํ–‰ ์—ฐ๋„: 2018 ๋‹จ์ฒด ์ €์ž: UNESCO ์œ ๋„ค์Šค์ฝ” ์•„์‹œ์•„ํƒœํ‰์–‘ ๊ตญ์ œ์ดํ•ด๊ต์œก์›์€ ์œ ๋„ค์Šค์ฝ”์™€ ๊ณต๋™์œผ๋กœ ใ€Ž๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ต์œก: ๊ต์œก์€ ์ „์ง€๊ตฌ์  ๊ณต๋™์žฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€? (Rethinking Education: Towards a global common good?)ใ€์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ดํŒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฐ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ดํŒ์€ ์˜์–ด ํฌํ•จ 13๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์ถœ๊ฐ„๋œ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ณธ์ด๋‹ค.์ด ์ฑ…์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ „ ์ง€๊ตฌ์  ํ•™์Šต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ๋ถ€์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•™์Šต์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜์  ๋น„์ „์— ์˜๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ๋ฐœ๊ฐ„๋œ ์ด ์ฑ…์€ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ง‘๋‹จ์  ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ณต๋™ํ–‰๋™์˜ ์ผํ™˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•™์Šต๋ชฉํ‘œ์™€ ํ•™์Šต์กฐ์ง ๊ฐ„์˜ ์กฐํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃฉํ•ด๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ์ง€์‹์„ ์ „ ์ง€๊ตฌ์  ๊ณต๋™์žฌ๋กœ ๋ณด์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค.