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32 ๊ฑด์ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ ๊ฒ์๋์์ต๋๋ค
What Shall We Tell the Children? International Perspectives on School History Textbooks The pages of this book illustrate that as instruments of socialization and sites of ideological discourse textbooks are powerful artefacts for introducing young people to a specific historical, cultural and socioeconomic order. Crucially, exploring the social construction of school textbooks and the messages they impart provides an important context from within which to critically investigate the dynamics underlying the cultural politics of education and the social movements that form it and which are formed by it. The school curriculum is essentially the knowledge system of a society, incorporating its values and its dominant ideology. The curriculum is not "our knowledge" born of a broad hegemonic consensus, rather it is a battleground on which cultural authority and the right to define what is labelled legitimate knowledge are fought over. As each chapter in this book illustrates, curriculum as theory and practice has never been, and can never be, divorced from the ethical, economic, political and cultural conflicts of society, which have such a deep impact upon it. Individuals cannot escape the clear implication that questions about what knowledge is of most worth, and about how it should be organized and taught, are problematic, contentious and very serious. (By the author) Switzerland and the Holocaust: teaching contested history This study is about a history textbook which introduces the new transnational masterโnarrative of Holocaust memory into the classrooms of the Germanโspeaking part of Switzerland. The script of the book entails a replacement of the formerly dominant view of Switzerland as a neutral nation resisting evil in favour of an image that aligns Switzerland with other nations that accept the Holocaust as part of their national history, and combine their efforts to prevent such crimes in the future. However, this process cannot be seen as hegemonic or total since it is fragmented at various levels. On the level of state power, there is no uniform vision of the nationโs history. Therefore, the book needed to accommodate its critics to a certain extent. Furthermore, there are institutional rules of history education that restrict a direct transmission of knowledge and promote teaching youths to develop their own views. And then there are the teachers, who have their part in shaping history. (By the publisher) The Holocaust in the textbooks and in the History and citizenship education program of Quebec This article analyzes the treatment of the Holocaust in Quebec's history textbooks, in view of the subject's potential and actual contribution to human rights education. Given that Quebec's curriculum includes citizenship education in its history programme, it could be argued that the inclusion of the Holocaust has particular relevance in this context, as it contributes to the study of both history and civics, and familiarizes Quebec's youth with representations of Quebec's Jewish community, which is primarily concentrated in Montreal. This article demonstrates that the textbooks' treatment of the Holocaust is often superficial and partial, and prevents Quebec's students from fully grasping the impact of this historical event on contemporary society. (By the publisher) Analysing the dominant discourses on the Holocaust in grade 9 South African history textbooks The Holocaust has become a focal point in many History classrooms in recent years as a direct result of linking the teaching of the Holocaust with Human Rights Education. Whilst there may be many studies on the Holocaust as a historical event, this study has analysed how the Holocaust has been embedded as a narrative in the Grade 9 GET South African History textbooks and which dominant discourses emerge from this. This research is phenomenological in nature and was situated within an interpretivist paradigm. I employed Narrative Inquiry and Fairclough's three dimensions of discourse as the analysis methodologies. The analysis was completed through an instrument in which the various aspects that aid in the construction of a narrative were interrogated. The study concluded that the Holocaust has a deeply-rooted link to education and the History curriculum in South Africa, as there has been a shift in ideological thinking emanating from western consciousness and finding a place in African consciousness due to the former's prevalence globally. The focus of the narrative of the Holocaust โas seen in the four selected Grade 9 GET History textbooks which constituted the sample for this study โ has shifted from a purely historical perspective to a perspective which is more social in nature. (By the author) 
Rewriting the nation: World War II narratives in Polish history textbooks This chapter examines the processes of rewriting nationhood in educational narratives regarding the Second World War (WWII) in Poland. Using mixed methods, this case study analyzes narrative change in state-approved history textbooks published between 1977 and 2008, thus covering the period of political transition from a communist to a democratic Poland. Although trends in learning theory and international norms suggest that attention to diversity should have increased in textbooks, in Poland these trends have been subsumed by more long-lasting Polish specific cultural tropes. WWII narratives, in particular, emphasize an ethnically homogeneous nation. Throughout the 31-year sample, educating youth about WWII in Poland continues to be focused on reclaiming โPolishnessโ rather than on espousing global understandings and citizenship. (By the author) Enseigner le nazisme et la Shoah : Une รฉtude comparรฉe des manuels scolaires en Europe How have the Nazi period and the Shoah been presented in history textbooks for secondary schools published since 1950 in Germany, the United Kingdom, French-speaking Belgium and France? This volume compares their contents by underlining the evolution of this content and the influence of historical research as well as the various events that have been topical over the last fifty years. While European public opinion often mentions the deep silence shrouding this Nazi period and the Shoah up to the late 1990s, German textbooks from the 1950s provided pupils, aged 14 to 16, with important information. Although incomplete and imperfect at the beginning, this knowledge was quickly made available and broke the silence before vastly increasing and becoming more precise at the turn of the century. As far as quantity and quality are concerned, there is a sharp contrast between the German and French textbooks and the British ones, which deal much less with this topic. As for Walloon textbooks, they were scarce from the 1970s until 2000. (By the publisher) An Unimagined Community? Examining Narratives of the Holocaust in Lithuanian Textbooks 2011 marked 20 years since the collapse of the Soviet Union. This represented a change not just in the content of education or ideologies, but in the relationships between individuals, institutions and systems. During this time, the post-Soviet Republic of Lithuania not only had to reimagine its national identity in a local context, but it also had to reimagine itself as a community within the political, economic, and historical imaginations of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the European Union (EU). Therefore, in Lithuania, as in many other post-Soviet countries, debates over which events should or should not be included as part of the national identity, and thus represented in the school curriculum, are more than just discussions about educational content; they are debates over the moral legitimacy of certain narratives and the ability of sovereign states to define them. (By the publisher) Textbooks and the Holocaust in Independent Ukraine: An Uneasy Past The article examines how Ukrainian history textbooks dealt with the Holocaust between independence and 2006. The analysis reveals two major, conflicting narratives about the Holocaust, though both externalize and relativize the Holocaust. As a template for understanding genocide, the Holocaust was applied to the Soviet-imposed 1932-33 famine in Ukraine, the Holodomor. The emphasis placed on the famine in both narratives partially obscures the Holocaust and in propagating the Judeo-Bolshevik myth, turns Jews into leading perpetrators of the Holodomor. In the Ukrainian case, the complex relationship among history, historical culture, and contemporary politics is compounded by the familiar tension between national history and the international reality of the Holocaust. The historical Sovietization of Holocaust victims was attacked by historians in the Ukrainian diaspora who resented the accusations that Ukrainians were collaborators and fascists. They sought to replace the Soviet historical narrative with one that made Ukrainians the central victims, not perpetrators. Ukraine's own nationalization of the Holocaust functioned in much the same way as the Sovietization of the Holocaust. Nationalization, obfuscation, and an implicit competition among victim narratives all contribute to the relatively complicated place of the Holocaust in Ukrainian historical narratives. (By the author) A โCurtain of Ignoranceโ: An Analysis of Holocaust Portrayal in Textbooks from 1943 through 1959 If textbooks are supposed to be an honest and impartial portrayal of historical events, they should remain the same over time. However, when examining one event across different editions of the same textbook, it becomes apparent that this is not the case. This study seeks to examine how the beginnings of the Cold War may have influenced how the Holocaust was discussed during the 1940s and 1950s. Results indicate that as Germany transformed from an enemy to be defeated into an ally needed to stop the advance of Communism, discussion of the Holocaust became more muted. While the beginnings of the Cold War may not be the only factor in this phenomenon, the results of this study indicate a methodological process in which textbooks could be used to create critical and historical thinking in today's classroom. (By the author) Naming and misnaming the nation. Ambivalence and national belonging in German textbook representations of the Holocaust At a time when the power of schools and both state and federal education authorities to guide young peopleโs sense of belonging is being challenged by multilingualism, by the claims of supra- and subnational regions and minorities, by memories of national catastrophes and crimes, and by out-of-school educational media, this collection of essays provides an apposite exploration of the ways in which shared narratives continue to be transmitted and learned. Its authors, whose work emerged from a series of conferences organized by the French National Institute for Pedagogical Research in Lyon, Barcelona and Paris in 2010, demonstrate not only ways in which multiple disciplines (including history, literature, social and language studies) address young peopleโs sense of attachment, but also how challenges to educational policy are reflected in school textbooks and curricula in Algeria, Bulgaria, Catalonia, France, Galicia, Germany, Quebec, Senegal and the USA. These studies about the role of education in relation to largely tenacious but shifting national identities should appeal to specialists of education, nationalism studies, history and political science. (By the author)