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Los efectos de la IA en la vida laboral de las mujeres 出版年份: 2022 作者: Clementine Collett | Gina Neff | Livia Gouvea Gomes 机构作者: UNESCO | Inter-American Development Bank | Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) El uso de tecnologías de IA afectará las oportunidades de las mujeres en el trabajo y su posición, status y tratamiento en el ámbito laboral. Alrededor del mundo, en la fuerza laboral las mujeres ganan menos que los varones, dedican más tiempo a trabajo no remunerado cuidando a niños y ancianos, tienen menos puestos sénior, participan menos en los campos de ciencia, tecnología, ingeniería y matemáticas (STEM por sus siglas en inglés) y tienden, en general, a tener trabajos más precarios. Al utilizar la IA, los gobiernos, las instituciones y las empresas deberán achicar las brechas de género y no perpetuarlas o exacerbarlas. Este informe del BID, la OCDE y UNESCO resume el conocimiento actual respecto del impacto que tienen los sistemas de IA sobre las oportunidades laborales de las mujeres, y sobre su posición, tratamiento y estatus en la fuerza laboral. En esta línea, el informe explora cómo se usa la IA dentro y fuera del ámbito laboral y cómo podría ser usada en el futuro. Mira el impacto potencial de las tecnologías de IA nuevas y emergentes sobre las habilidades que requerirán los empleadores, la manera en que las mujeres buscan empleo y son contratadas y cómo se estructuran los empleos a través del monitoreo y la supervisión automatizados. El informe presenta un mapa de las oportunidades y los desafíos que presenta la IA para la vida laboral de las mujeres y pone de manifiesto las complejidades que los diversos contextos nacionales y regionales presentan para comprender el impacto de la IA sobre el trabajo de las mujeres. El informe también toma nota de que la investigación actual no ofrece una mirada completa o definitiva respecto de cómo impacta la IA sobre la vida laboral de las mujeres e insta a la realización de más investigación y análisis en este campo. 
International Forum on AI and Education: Ensuring AI as a Common Good To Transform Education, 7–8 December 2021; Synthesis Report 出版年份: 2022 机构作者: UNESCO The ‘International Forum on AI and the Futures of Education: Ensuring AI as a Common Good to Transform Education’ was co-organized by UNESCO, the Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, and the National Commission of the People’s Republic of China for UNESCO. Building on the previous ‘AI and the Futures of Education’ forums, held in 2019 and 2020, this 2021 forum set out to explore the importance and role of digital humanism in AI and education. With people and governments worldwide becoming increasingly aware of both the potential and the challenges of AI and education, the forum engaged participants in dialogue about how AI governance and innovation can be enhanced for the common good. Forum participants included government ministers and other high-level ministry officials from Member States, together with representatives of international organizations, NGOs and academic institutions.This synthesis report has been developed by drawing from the International Forum on AI and the Futures of Education held in Beijing and simultaneously online from 7 to 8 December 2021. 
Disability Discrimination in the Digital Realm: How the ICRPD Applies to Artificial Intelligence Decision-Making Processes and Helps in Determining the State of International Human Rights Law (Human Rights Law Reivew; Volume. 23, Issue. 3) 出版年份: 2023 作者: Tetyana Krupiy | Martin Scheinin Scholars have identified challenges to protecting individuals from discrimination in contexts where organisations deploy artificial intelligence decision-making processes. While scholarship on ‘digital discrimination’ is growing, scholars have paid less attention to the impact of the use of artificial intelligence decision-making processes on persons with disabilities. This article posits that while the use of artificial intelligence technology can be beneficial for some purposes, its deployment can also construct a disability. The article demonstrates that the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities can be interpreted in a manner that confers a wide variety of human rights on persons with disabilities in the context when entities deploy artificial intelligence decision-making processes. The article proposes a test for digital discrimination based on disability and shows how it can be incorporated into the treaty through legal interpretation. Thereafter, it moves to developing an analogous general test for digital discrimination under international human rights law, applicable beyond a catalogue of protected characteristics. 
Gender Bias, Citizen Participation, and AI (Policy Research Working Papers; Planet; RRR; 11046) 出版年份: 2025 作者: Jose Antonio Cuesta Leiva | Natalia Gisel Pecorari 机构作者: World Bank This paper investigates the role of gender bias in artificial intelligence–driven analyses of citizen participation, using data from the 2023 Latinobarómetro Survey. The paper proposes that gender bias—whether societal, data driven, or algorithmic—significantly affects civic engagement. Using machine learning, particularly decision trees, the analysis explores how self-reported societal bias (machismo norms) interacts with personal characteristics and circumstances to shape civic participation. The findings show that individuals with reportedly low levels of gender bias, who express political interest, have high levels of education, and align with left-wing views, are more likely to participate. The paper also explores different strategies to mitigate gender bias in both the data and the algorithms, demonstrating that gender bias remains a persistent factor even after applying corrective measures. Notably, lower machismo thresholds are required for participation in more egalitarian societies, with men needing to exhibit especially low machismo levels. Ultimately, the findings emphasize the importance of integrated strategies to tackle gender bias and increase participation, offering a framework for future studies to expand on nonlinear and complex social dynamics. 
The Impact of AI on Curriculum Systems: Towards an Orbit-Shifting Dialogue (In-Progress Reflection; no. 32, 2019) 出版年份: 2019 机构作者: UNESCO International Bureau of Education (IBE) ‘Artificial Intelligence’ (AI) refers to the theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks normally requiring human intelligence. In order to achieve transformational change in contemporary curriculum systems and learning environments, we need to engender an orbitshifting dialogue about the potential relationship between AI and education, in terms of both independent variables (threats), and dependent variables (opportunities). Through such a dialogue, we need to create foresight indicators that can predict the process of this relationship. It is, however, crucial that the relationship between AI and education is strong and directly proportionate. If the potential of the relationship is not exploited sufficiently, then underdeveloped education systems will lag behind and fail to achieve their potential for transformation, whether radical or incremental. Indeed, some may even become obsolete. The paper contends that in order to effectively contribute to the knowledge economy and to sustainable development in the age of the 4th Industrial Revolution (characterized by a fusion of cyber-physical technologies) modern educational systems need to overcome obstacles to innovation in order to maximize the potential for transformative change. To achieve this will require an ‘orbital shift’ in educational planning, practice and resourcing, to enable schools to respond more effectively to the rapidly changing needs of young people, society, the economy and environment in the third decade of the 21st century. Schools, educational institutions and environments, need to transform from being primarily spaces for teaching and taking exams, into spaces for innovation and personal learning, based on a culture of actively listening to the voices, choices, needs and goals of learners. Teachers need to become facilitators, coaches and mentors for learners. Schools need to create AI-enabled, flexible, collaborative working spaces. Visionary, energetic educational leaders need to communicate effectively with all stakeholders, including employers and parents, to inspire and manage change and smart decision-making to develop schools of the future. The aim of this reflection is to initiate an ‘orbit-shifting’ dialogue about the potential of AI applications to transform all components of the curriculum system to meet emergent 21st century educational goals. The conceptualization aims to explore the variable roles and impact of curriculum learning and assessment on these emerging educational goals. Theme 1 of the paper outlines the concepts and characteristics of a range of existing AI systems and their potential to enhance teaching learning and assessment. Theme 2 reflects on the potential to embrace AI systems across the curriculum system. Theme 3 proposes an action model to enable AI to have an ‘orbit shifting impact’ on all the components of the curriculum system (i.e. learners, teachers, learning environments, leadership and management, content, pedagogy and assessment) by enhancing opportunities for individualization, creativity and uniqueness. 
Generative AI and the Future of Education 出版年份: 2023 机构作者: UNESCO. Assistant Director-General for Education, 2018- (Giannini, Stefania) The digital revolution has brought about significant changes in how we live, learn, and interact, with multiple waves of technological advancements. The current AI revolution represents a new and profound shift, particularly through AI's ability to simulate human language and conversation. This development challenges our understanding of language, intelligence, and the role of technology in education and society.As AI begins to generate human-like responses and knowledge, it raises fundamental questions about its impact on education, societal values, and our concept of humanity. Education systems are now grappling with how to integrate and regulate AI, which has been rapidly introduced into classrooms without sufficient oversight. The author emphasizes the importance of carefully considering the risks and ethical implications of AI, particularly in its potential to manipulate and shape knowledge systems. There is a need for balanced development, where AI technology is aligned with human values, and education remains a deeply human-centered process.UNESCO is working with countries to develop strategies for the safe use of AI in education, emphasizing the need for a cautious approach and robust regulatory frameworks. The overarching message is that while AI offers immense possibilities, it must be integrated thoughtfully to ensure it enhances education and society without undermining human agency, equity, or the foundational values of learning. La IA generativa y el futuro de la educació 出版年份: 2023 机构作者: UNESCO. Assistant Director-General for Education, 2018- (Giannini, Stefania) La revolución digital ha traído cambios significativos en cómo vivimos, aprendemos e interactuamos, con múltiples olas de avances tecnológicos. La actual revolución de la inteligencia artificial representa un cambio nuevo y profundo, particularmente a través de la capacidad de la IA para simular el lenguaje humano y la conversación. Este desarrollo desafía nuestra comprensión del lenguaje, la inteligencia y el papel de la tecnología en la educación y la sociedad. A medida que la IA comienza a generar respuestas y conocimientos similares a los humanos, surgen preguntas fundamentales sobre su impacto en la educación, los valores sociales y nuestro concepto de humanidad. Los sistemas educativos ahora están lidiando con la forma de integrar y regular la IA, que ha sido introducida rápidamente en las aulas sin una supervisión adecuada. El autor enfatiza la importancia de considerar cuidadosamente los riesgos y las implicaciones éticas de la IA, particularmente en su potencial para manipular y moldear los sistemas de conocimiento. Existe una necesidad de un desarrollo equilibrado, donde la tecnología de la IA esté alineada con los valores humanos y la educación siga siendo un proceso profundamente centrado en el ser humano. UNESCO está trabajando con los países para desarrollar estrategias para el uso seguro de la IA en la educación, enfatizando la necesidad de un enfoque cauteloso y marcos regulatorios robustos. El mensaje general es que, si bien la IA ofrece inmensas posibilidades, debe integrarse de manera reflexiva para asegurar que mejore la educación y la sociedad sin socavar la agencia humana, la equidad o los valores fundamentales del aprendizaje. L’IA générative et le futur de l’éducation 出版年份: 2023 机构作者: UNESCO. Assistant Director-General for Education, 2018- (Giannini, Stefania) La révolution numérique a apporté des changements significatifs dans nos modes de vie, d'apprentissage et d'interaction, avec plusieurs vagues de progrès technologiques. La révolution actuelle de l'IA représente un nouveau tournant profond, notamment grâce à la capacité de l'IA à simuler le langage et la conversation humaine. Ce développement remet en question notre compréhension du langage, de l'intelligence et du rôle de la technologie dans l'éducation et la société.Alors que l'IA commence à générer des réponses et des connaissances semblables à celles des humains, cela soulève des questions fondamentales quant à son impact sur l'éducation, les valeurs sociétales et notre conception de l'humanité. Les systèmes éducatifs se retrouvent désormais face au défi d'intégrer et de réguler l'IA, qui a été introduite rapidement dans les salles de classe sans une supervision suffisante. L'auteur insiste sur l'importance de prendre en compte les risques et les implications éthiques de l'IA, en particulier son potentiel à manipuler et à influencer les systèmes de connaissance. Il est nécessaire d'adopter un développement équilibré, où la technologie de l'IA est en phase avec les valeurs humaines, et où l'éducation reste un processus profondément centré sur l'humain.L'UNESCO travaille avec les pays pour élaborer des stratégies visant à utiliser l'IA en toute sécurité dans l'éducation, en insistant sur la nécessité d'une approche prudente et de cadres réglementaires solides. Le message principal est que, bien que l'IA offre d'immenses possibilités, elle doit être intégrée de manière réfléchie afin de garantir qu'elle améliore l'éducation et la société sans compromettre l'autonomie humaine, l'équité ou les valeurs fondamentales de l'apprentissage. 
Governing AI for Humanity: Final Report 出版年份: 2024 机构作者: United Nations (UN) The United Nations Secretary-General’s High-level Advisory Body on AI’s Final Report, “Governing AI for Humanity,” builds on months of work, including extensive global consultations, and the publication of an interim report in December 2023. Proposals for Global Governance on AI This report outlines a blueprint for addressing AI-related risks and sharing its transformative potential globally, including by:• Urging the UN to lay the foundations of the first globally inclusive and distributed architecture for AI governance based on international cooperation;• Proposing seven recommendations to address gaps in current AI governance arrangements;• Calling on all governments and stakeholders to work together in governing AI to foster development and protection of all human rights. This includes light institutional mechanisms to complement existing efforts and foster inclusive global AI governance arrangements that are agile, adaptive and effective to keep pace with AI’s evolution. Extensive Global Consultations The report is the product of extensive consultations, involving more than 2,000 participants across all regions of the world, including via: • 18 deep-dive discussions on key issues with top experts• More than 50 consultation sessions across all regions• More than 250 written submissions from over 150 organizations and 100 individuals The Advisory Body also commissioned an AI Risk Global Pulse Check – the most comprehensive global horizon scanning exercise on AI risks to date – and an AI Opportunity Scan to crowdsource expert assessments of emerging AI trends. 
Reflections and Countermeasures on Traditional Education in the Age of Artificial Intelligence: Taking ChatGPT as an Example (Advances in Education; Vol.13, No.5) 出版年份: 2023 作者: 罗蕾 | 张祖国 | 幸丽君 Since the turn of the century, the pace of scientific and technological advancement has been increasing rapidly, like a rolling wave gaining momentum. As a result, the topic of artificial intelli-gence and its potential applications has remained a hot topic in the field of education. The introduction of ChatGPT had an immediate and significant impact on the domestic education industry. Addressing how to manage this impact on teaching activities has become an urgent issue that requires prompt consideration and resolution. In light of the ongoing impact of artificial intelligence technology on traditional teaching methods, this article focuses on ChatGPT’s response as an intervention point, delving into a thorough analysis of the inherent strengths and weaknesses of traditional teaching modes, as well as the opportunities and challenges presented by intelligent teaching. Through our analysis of artificial intelligence, we aim to propose effective measures and explore new directions for the development of education in its influence.