The “Hate Speech” Policies of Major Platforms during the COVID-19 Pandemic
- Corporate Author
- UNESCO Montevideo
- Collation
- 32 p.
- Resource Language
- EnglishFrenchSpanishPortuguese
- Year of publication
- 2021
- Level of education
- Early childhood care and educationPrimary educationSecondary educationHigher educationLifelong learningTechnical and vocational education and trainingNon-formal education
- Region
- Global
- Place of publication
- Paris; Montevideo
This document reports an increase in so-called “hate speech” posts on Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although dissimilar, such an increase can be observed in the transparency reports of the different platforms and the surge in content moderation since March 2020.
During the same period—as a result of the lockdown measures adopted in most countries around the world—platforms increased the use of AI tools for content moderation. Therefore, we can’t fully say whether the interannual growth is linked to increased posts or changes in monitoring systems.

Digital Empowerment for Lifelong Learning and Transformative Andragogy (DELTA) for Adult Educators: Introduction to the DELTA Framework and Resources
Bridging the Grey Digital Divide: Enhancing ICT Learning for Older Adults; Research Report
Addressing Violent Pasts through Education: A Policy Guide
The Representation of Jews, Judaism and Antisemitism in School Textbooks and Curricula in Europe