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Urban-Environmental Nexus Approach To achieve sustainable management of Egyptian urbanization Year of publication: 2022 Author: Marwa Sebawy Hamed, Mohamed Fareed Mohamed Abd-Elaziz In view of the high rates of population growth witnessed by urban communities, and the resulting continuous increase in pressures on water, energy and food resources, which generates some issues facing societies such as economic turmoil, issues related to climate change and other urgent issues that need intervention. This is to try to achieve the principles and goals of sustainable development for these communities, as one of the most important reasons for these issues is the unilateral sectoral decisions and plans to deal with these issues and the lack of integrated plans that preserve resources in general and achieve the goals of sustainable development. Therefore, the research aims to formulate a methodological framework to achieve sustainable management of the Egyptian urbanization by applying the approach of the urban environmental link with the Egyptian urban agglomerations, to achieve the goals of sustainable development and provide the requirements of population growth. Where the research studies the concepts of sustainable urban management in the light of applying the urban-environmental nexus approach, and its role in achieving the dimensions of sustainable management and focusing on the basic principles of water, energy and food sustainability in urban agglomerations. This requires defining the foundations and criteria for achieving sustainable management based on the interdependence and interdependence of sectoral and integrated plans in order to meet current and potential challenges and pressures. The research also deals with many different international experiences to understand the integrated interrelationships between the water, energy and food sectors, taking into account the specificity of the Egyptian case. In order to reach an initial methodological framework for achieving sustainable management of the Egyptian urbanization, this framework is reviewed by presenting it to experts and specialists in the field in order to reach the final methodological framework for achieving sustainable management of the Egyptian urbanization. 
The Level of Employment of a Reverse Education Strategy for the Basic Stage in the Directorate of Education for the Ain Al-Basha District in Light of the Corona Pandemic from the Point of View of its Supervisors & Its Relationship to Some Variables Year of publication: 2022 Author: Mervat Shehadeh This study aims to identify the level of employment of the Reverse education strategy for primary school teachers in light of the Corona pandemic during the year 2021, from the point of view of educational supervisors in the Directorate of Education of the Ain Al-Basha Brigade.The study followed the social survey method. Where the field of study consisted of (25) educational supervisors, a standardized questionnaire was distributed to all of them, and the study concluded that the level of employing the Reverse learning strategy was average, the study also concluded that there are no differences at the level of significance (α≤ 0.05) with regard to the variables (Gender, practical experience), and the study recommends the need to intensify research related to the issue of the Reverse education strategy, especially in light of the Corona pandemic, as it was found that there are few researches in the field of educational supervision. 
Causes And Dimensions Of Child Labor Year of publication: 2020 Author: Fatima Kharshuf The phenomenon of child labor has spread throughout the countries of the world greatly, where there are many factors that push children to work, among them the social factor represented in poverty and the low standard of living, the educational factor, and it appears through the spread of illiteracy and families' ignorance of the importance of education for them and their children. The economic is reflected in the deterioration of the level of development, the spread of unemployment, and the factor of instability Where do we observe the effect of wars on children, where wars and economic crises cause displacement and migration that forces children to work, and there is the legal factor that shows the weakness of states in carrying out their responsibility to impose laws that prevent child labor And the punishment of those who violate it. Child labor affects the child wherever it hinders his psychological, emotional and physical development, as well as affects countries through their influence on society where an unbalanced society results in its formation, and the most important effect of the phenomenon is the economic dimension where the early integration of the child does not contribute to The labor market is to achieve positive results, but it is a losing investment on all levels. 
Child labor between Reality and Hopes Year of publication: 2020 Author: Barak Khadra Child labor between reality and hope abstract: Children make up nearly one-third of the world's population and make up nearly half of the population of many countries around the world. Thus, there is a need for tangible interaction between businesses and children's lives directly or indirectly. Children take a large share of attention as consumers in In this context, it was necessary to focus attention on children working in illegal businesses by preventing and eradicating child labor by tightening the standards and procedures necessary to reduce the phenomenon of child labor and to consolidate and highlight the rights of children. Where the phenomenon of child labor has begun to increase dramatically in the Arab world to the extent that it is dangerous, resulting in school dropout, family disintegration, and the increase in poverty and unemployment. The expectation is that the unemployment rate among the adult population will increase, , The term child labor is defined as depriving children of childhood, dignity and potential, and physically harming their physical and mental development, as well as their enslavement. 
The role of the Public Prosecution in combating child labor Year of publication: 2022 Author: Qasim Ahmed | Ohaibia Abdullah The phenomenon of child labor refers to the exploitation of children in any form of work that deprives children of their childhood, impedes their ability to go to school, and has a harmful effect mentally, physically, socially or morally, and given the seriousness of work on the health of children, and in line with the agreements concluded by the state In this regard, the Algerian legislator has put in place mechanisms to combat this phenomenon, including the public prosecution by the Republic Prosecutor against every employee who employs children under the legal age. 
The Impact Of The Iraqi Maliki School On The Islamic Maghreb Countries School Year of publication: 2022 Author: Bougaltia Mounir The importance of studying, due to the characteristics of the two schools and their role in preserving the Maliki doctrine and jurisprudence, as there is a relationship between them, Through this relationship, what is the extent of the influence of the Iraqi Maliki school on the Islamic Maghreb countries school? The study aims to show the impact of the Iraqi school on the Islamic Maghreb countries school in several aspects, To reach these goals, I choosed the descriptive-analytical approach in the global, and in some places I used the inductive approach, among the most important results that it reached: that the Iraqi Maliki school had an impact on the Islamic Maghreb countries school in several aspects: whether it was related to narrating their books, explaining them and taking care of them. 
External Factors Affecting the Governance and Strategic Directions of Higher Education Institutions in the United Arab Emirates Year of publication: 2022 Author: Ghassan A. Al-Qaimari Corporate author: University of Fujairah Since its inception in 1971, the UAE has worked to establish a modern and diverse system of higher education. In a short period of time, the UAE overcame many obstacles to emerge as an important educational center in the region, attracting foreign students, academics, and higher education institutions wishing to be present in this region of the world. In this research, we describe higher education in the United Arab Emirates: we describe the types of higher education institutions in the country, and the official bodies regulating higher education (Regulators), and we talk about the vision of the country's leadership for scientific research and the development of educational institutions, as expressed in the National Agendas related to technology and scientific research and higher education. How is the governance of higher education institutions affected by these factors? The research focuses on the educational institutions’ keeping pace with the future challenges of the rapid development of science and technology, what is known today as the Fourth Industrial Revolution, and how this revolution, whose features have begun to take shape, will affect the strategic directions of educational institutions and the governance of higher education institutions in the UAE in the twenty-first century. 
The Attitudes of Mathematics Teachers towards the use of e-learning at Secondary Schools in Tulkarm District Year of publication: 2021 Author: Husam Tawfiq Herzallah Basem Shalash Corporate author: Al-Quds Open University This study aimed to identify the attitudes of math teachers towards the use of electronic education in the secondary schools in Tulkarm Governorate, the study also identified the impact of the study variables (gender, educational qualification, experience, and the ability to use the computer) on the attitudes of teachers. The researchers used the descriptive analytical method, the study sample consisted of (83) male and female teachers (36) of them are female teachers and the remaining others (47) are male teachers, the researchers used a questionnaire which consists of (35) items, which were applied in the second semester of the academic year (2019/2020) ).The results of the study showed that the attitudes of the sample members towards e-learning were medium average, the results of the study showed that there were many differences in the attitudes according to the gender variable and in favor of males, and no differences appeared or emerged according to other variables. The researchers presented many recommendations and suggestions, the most important of them are: holding scientific courses, and seminars with the aim of spreading awareness and knowledge of e-learning and its benefits on the educational process and encouraging teachers to practice different types of e-learning, as well as studying students' attitudes toward using e-learning. 
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Digital Diplomacy in Building Relationships with the Public from the Perspective of International Public Relations Year of publication: 2023 Author: Musab Falih Al-Hasbi Diplomacy has been an indispensable part of global affairs, as it is what makes it about relations between global nations. One easier way to connect with the world is digitally in this age of life including International relations.In this context, the current study seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of digital diplomacy in building relationships with the public from the perspective of international public relations byanalyzing the efforts of the diplomatic mission of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in both the United States and the United Kingdom on Twitter The study relied The study relied on a theoretical approach that explains the development of the concept of digital diplomacy and its various functions, presented by researchers Dodd & Collins that illustrates the functions of digital diplomacy through social media platforms. The current study is one of the descriptive studies that relied on the case study approach and the content analysis, by analyzing the content of the tweets, (1181) tweets divided into (730) tweets published through the official account of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s mission to the United States via Twitter, as well as (451) tweets published through the official account of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s mission to the United Kingdom. 
Analysis E-Learning Status in Palestinian Universities, A Case Study of Palestine Technical University- Kadoorie Tulkarm Year of publication: 2021 Author: Hiba Khalil Almbayed The study aimed to analyze the reality of e-learning at Palestine Technical University- Khudouri/Tulkarem, and to identify the most important challenges facing students when using the education system, as well as to analyze the extent to which university students interact with the e- learning system, and to show the differences between the average opinions of the study sample on e- learning according to the study variables due to the nature of the study, the descriptive analytical approach was used, in order to reach practical results, and to achieve and analyze the reality of e-learning a questionnaire consisting of (34) paragraphs was designed, where the study community consisted of (6,559) students, and a simple random sample of (522) students was taken, and the questionnaire was distributed electronically because it was not able to be distributed manually due to the prevailing conditions _ the spread of the Corona pandemic- at the time of the preparation of the study. The results of the study showed that (63.136%) of the researched believe that the reality of e-learning at the university suffers from different problems. The study indicated that (87.97%) among respondents, complaints have increased in the e-learning system after the Corona pandemic and that (81.36%) among the researchers, the infrastructure was one of the most barriers in e-learning. While (63.934%)of the researched that e-learning has a role to play in achieving Interaction among students, as the results of the study showed no differences Statistically significant to the reality of e-learning according to the gender variable, and there are no differences depending on the variable of the scientific qualification except in the field of e-learning reality, there are also no differences Statistics according to the variable of the academic level ,except for the field of Interaction with students. In the light of the results of the study, a series of recommendations were made, the most prominent of which were: 1. Include an e-learning system item in the computer course assigned as a university requirement for first-year students 2. Provide opportunities to train and develop the capabilities of all educational parties to use and apply E-learning.